SUSTAINABLE WATER

SUPPLY
FOR A STAELLITE CITY
UTKARSH SAXENA
(CE12B1024)

M AYA N K K U M A R R A I
(CE12B1013)
R GOUTHAM
(CE12B1018)

SATELLITE CITY DESIGN

Why Wastewater?
Water is a scarce resource and an important basic necessity for the human survival. The quantity
of potable water on earth is limited and its availability per person is reducing day by day due to
increase in global population and damage to environment. Though water available in nature is
free, sizeable investment is needed in order to supply water to the people at their doorsteps with
required quality.
Treated wastewater can replace freshwater for industrial uses.
90% of wastewater in a developing country like us flows untreated into the river.

By 2050 more than 1billion people will live in city with insufficient water.
As demand for water grows with the increasing population, the cities are forced to rely on the
water sources that are from the city itself.

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An Overview
Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
A satellite city is one which is self-dependent in every means. It has every kind of amenity and
opportunities a city has .
In our project we are planning a sustainable water supply for a entire satellite city housing
30,000 people.
From different data sources we came up with the common pollutants in groundwater and same
for wastewater from daily household usage for a specific location .
Available data was then used for designing reactors and we tried to show the whole
purification processes and operations involved in detail.

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LOCATION OF CITY
For calculation and water properties information, we have taken our city in Medak area.
The industries in Medak are water polluting in nature, without adequate facilities or
commitment to deal with the hazards posed by the high quanta of toxic effluents generated.
As per conservative estimates, the industries of the Patancheru and Bolaram area generate a
cumulative 8 x 106 liters per day of effluents which are being directly discharged into the
surrounding land, irrigation fields, and surface water bodies that finally enter into the Nakkavagu
stream, a tributary of the Manjira.

National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) Study sponsored by the Central Pollution
Control Board covered an area of about 160 sq km where more than 400 big and small
pharmaceutical and chemical industries operate. This study found high levels of heavy metals
such as arsenic, strontium, barium, selenium, boron, manganese and nickel in the ground water
and surface water bodies. Residual pesticides, aldrin and endosulphan were also found.

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Water Usage
Based on our assumption we have a total of 30,000 people in the city.
Now, based on the report of THE HINDU , we got an estimated usage of water per person.
Purpose of use

Quantity (in L)

Bathing

55

Toilet

30

Washing Clothes

45

Washing House

40

Washing utensils

20

Cooking

Drinking

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Based on the above report ,water usage per day for whole city
=30,000*(55+30+45+40+20+5+5)

=60,00,000 L
Here we have ignored other industrial or commercial use as city designed is a residential area.
54,00,000 L of water is being collected by the collector pipelines.(neglecting water uses for
cooking and drinking)

SATELLITE CITY DESIGN

Planning
We have planned the strategies for optimum use of water inside the city.
A city can face many problems if it is unplanned in future-

Water wastage or scarcity of water area wise.

Water borne diseases due to water accumulation in some area.
With increase in population, there is huge demand of water and so the importance of using
water efficiently.

We have total water used by city per day . It will be used in designing the reactors and deciding
different unit processes.

SATELLITE CITY DESIGN

We are mainly focusing on treatment of Wastewater from households and groundwater and
returning it back to the city for reuse.
Processes involved in water treatment: Hardness removal, Biological treatment (if needed),
Chemical treatment , etc.
Ground water treatment will be in accordance with the requirement . The quantity will be
adjusted with the water obtained from household water treatment and other sources (if any).
This process will surely cost some amount to the people living in the city too . So, we will be
analyzing whether the city planned is cost effective or not.

SATELLITE CITY DESIGN

Pollutants : Groundwater
Detailed investigation was carried out with an objective of identifying the groundwater quality,
prominent water quality parameters controlling the hydro chemical evolution of aquifer system was
studied. The major ion chemistry of the area showing various statistical parameters are given in the
Table 1 (in next slide).
Also, there is a table showing the concentration of different ions in drinking water according to WHO
and ISI standards. (Table 2)
The reports are based on the survey done by central ground water board southern region and Andhra
Pradesh pollution control board.: Central Groundwater Board, Southern region, HYDERABAD (A. P.)
INDIA

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Source : Central Groundwater Board, Southern region, HYDERABAD (A. P.) INDIA

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Pollutants:Sewage
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, including
household sewage and runoff (effluents). It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes
to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants.
-Wikipedia

Sewage is generated by residential, institutional, commercial and industrial establishments. It

includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks and so forth that is
disposed of via sewers.

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Treatment : Groundwater
SCREENING

AERATION

SOFTENING

DISINFECTION

Supply

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Ref: http://www.sitesystemssoftware.com/SiteAnalyst.html

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Treatment : Sewage Water

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PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
Removes large objects and non-degradable materials protects pumps and equipment from
damage.
This consists of Bar Rack/Screen and equalization tank design.
Grit chamber designing.

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Bar Screen

catches large objects that have gotten into

sewer system such as bricks, bottles, pieces of
wood, etc.

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Grit Chamber
- removes rocks, gravel, broken glass, etc.
Mesh Screen

- removes diapers, combs, towels, plastic bags, syringes, etc.

Velocities of 0.6 to 1.2 mps through the open area for the peak flows

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Calculations
Volume/Day=5.4 million ltr or 5400 cu.m
Q=0.0625 m3/ s, v=0.8m/s

A=Q/v=0.0781 sq.m
Width of screen=1cm
Height of screen=100 cm
Distance between bars=5cm
The total bars which are being used is 15.
Gross area=0.815 sq.m
Head Loss=0.00312m

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Storage Tank
SumpTotal Volume of wastewater per day=5.4million ltr.
Average volume of water per hour = 5.4/24 = 0.225million.(max Q=1.8*0.225=0.405)
(maximum water flow will be during the morning time and in the evening time.)

Tank will store water for 5 hour at max =0.405*5million ltrs= 2.025million ltrs=2025 cu.m.
Height =10m
Let radius be R
Pi*(R)^2*H=2025
R=8.03m ~8m

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PRIMARY TREATMENT

Physical process

Wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle to the bottom by
gravity
The material that settles is called sludge or bio solids

From the primary treatment tanks water is pumped to the trickling filter for
secondary treatment.
Secondary treatment will further reduce the suspended solids and B.O.D. of the
wastewater

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Grit chamber
Grit chambers are basin to remove the inorganic particles to prevent damage to the pumps, and
to prevent their accumulation in sludge digesters.
We will be using a mechanically clean grit chamber.
Standard spiral flow aeration tank provided with air diffusion tubes placed on one side of the
tank.
The critical velocity(scouring velocity)which is being maintained is 17cm/sec.

Single grit chamber for aggregate of minimum size of 15mm.

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Designing of grit chamber

Detention time=5min
V=0.0625*5*60=18.75cu.m
Free board=0.5m
Water Depth=1m

Length=9.4m
Breadth=2.3475m
Actual detention time=5.89min>5min(ok)
Blower capacity=4.4 cu.m

(Berlin water treatment plants grit chamber for 150 thousand people)

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Primary Sedimentation
Primary sedimentation in a municipal wastewater treatment plant is generally plain
sedimentation without the use of chemicals.
The particle tend to coagulate during settling.
The settling tank design in such cases depends on both
surface loading rate and detention time.
An equalisation tank can be constructed before primary
sedimentation if required.
The detention time is around 3 hrs.
(Berlin water
treatment plant
sedimentation
tank)
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Designing of primary sedimentation

Raw water flow per day is 5.4 x 106L.
Detention period is 3h.

Volume of tank = Flow x Detention period = 5.4 x 103 x 3/24 = 675 m3

Assume depth of tank = 3.0 m.
Surface area = 675/3 = 225 m2
PI*(R*R)=225 sq.m
R=8.5m
Hence surface loading (Overflow rate) = 5.4 x 103 /225= 24 cu.m/d-m2 < 40 cu.m/d-m2 (OK)

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SECONDARY TREATMENT
This treatment involves
activated sludge aeration, and
then final settling.(as seen in
fig).The Treated effluent is
then transferred to next level.

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Activated sludge plant involves:

wastewater aeration in the presence of a microbial suspension,
solid-liquid separation following aeration,
discharge of clarified effluent,
wasting of excess biomass, and
return of remaining biomass to the aeration tank

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TERTIARY TREATMENT
A certain amount of nitrogen removal (20-30%) occurs in conventional activated sludge systems.
Nitrogen removal ranging from 70 to 90 % can be obtained by use of nitrification-denitrification
method in plants based on activated sludge and other suspended growth systems. Biological
denitrification requires prior nitrification of all ammonia and organic nitrogen in the incoming waste.
Biological nitrification/denitrification is a two step process. The first step is nitrification, which is
conversion of ammonia to nitrate through the action of nitrifying bacteria. The second step is nitrate
conversion (denitrification), which is carried out by facultative heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic
conditions.

Nitrification
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What we intended to do and what we

did?
To design the city keeping in mind the future needs.
Natural sources of water are drying out so it will be a need in future for finding an alternate.

The demand of fresh water is increasing and if we are able to reuse 50% of the used water then
the reliability on the natural water will decrease by half.
Many companies manufacturing the treatment plants are either making it for more than
requirement corresponding to 3lakh people or for small needs(/day need is <50,000 lts).

We planned screening/storage tank/grit chamber/primary sedimentation tank.

Regarding price, we have asked for quotes for the required flow rate from different
manufacturing companies like Membrane Engineering Pvt. Ltd , Aguapuro Equipments Pvt. Ltd.

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THANK YOU

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