Beruflich Dokumente
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Underpinnings of
Singapore Math
Sheraton San Diego Mission
Valley Hotel, San Diego CA
SingaporeMath.com
Professional Development
banhar.yeap@nie.edu.sg
solving problems
overview
instructional models
Bruners theory
Skemps theory
Dienes theory
introduction
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 3 squares.
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.
Task
Move 3 sticks to make 2 squares.
A Problem
from Singapore Grade 6 National Test
Jim bought some chocolates and gave half of them to
Ken. Ken bought some sweets and gave half of them to
Jim.
Jim ate 12 sweets and Ken ate 18 chocolates. After
that, the number of sweets and chocolates Jim had
were in the ratio 1 : 7 and the number of sweets and
chocolates Ken had were in the ratio 1 : 4.
How many sweets did Ken buy?
Jim bought some chocolates and gave half of them to Ken. Ken
bought some sweets and gave half of them to Jim. Jim ate 12
sweets and Ken ate 18 chocolates. After that, the number of
sweets and chocolates Jim had were in the ratio 1 : 7 and the
number of sweets and chocolates Ken had were in the ratio 1 :
4. How many sweets did Ken buy?
chocolates
Assuming that both boys did
not have any sweet or
chocolate before they bought
the chocolates and sweets.
sweets
1
2
Jim
Ken
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 1
2 8
3 parts 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 18 = 66
1 part 22
Half of the sweets Ken bought = 22 + 12 = 34
So Ken bought 68 sweets.`
1
2
A Problem
from a Singapore Classroom
88 children took part in a swimming
competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7 of the
girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34
children wore swimming goggles.
How many girls wore swimming goggles on
that day?
Fairfield Methodist Primary School
88 children took part in a swimming competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7
of the girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34 children wore
swimming goggles.
How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?
88
34
54
88 children took part in a swimming competition. 1/3 of the boys and 3/7
of the girls wore swimming goggles. Altogether 34 children wore
swimming goggles.
How many girls wore swimming goggles on that day?
34 20 = 14
34
54 34 = 20
54
3 x 7 = 21
A Curriculum
That Helps
Average
Students
Reach High
Achievement
TIMSS 2007
Grade 4
1995
2003
2007
Advanced
38
38
41
High
70
73
74
Intermediate
89
91
92
Low
96
97
98
North Vista Primary School
TIMSS 2007
Average
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Advanced
40
High
15
12
18
70
Intermediate
46
14
44
50
88
Low
75
48
66
82
97
Grade 8
Numerical calculation
Algebraic manipulation
Spatial visualization
Data analysis
Measurement
Use of mathematical tools
Estimation
Mathematical
Problem
Solving
Concepts
Numerical
Algebraic
Geometrical
Statistical
Probabilistic
Analytical
Reasoning,
communication &
connections
Thinking skills &
heuristics
Application & modelling
effective
mathematics
teaching
Primary Mathematics 1A
Pedagogical
Principle:
Bruner
Number
Bonds
Number
Bonds
Bruner
Division
The concrete
pictorial abstract
approach is used to
help the majority of
learners to develop
strong foundation in
mathematics.
Division
bruners theory
concrete
concrete
experiences
from
concrete
to
pictorial
from
pictorial
to
abstract
All Kids Are Intelligent Series
symbols
using
concrete
materials
Pictorial Before
Abstract
bruner
skemps
theory
conceptual
understanding
Bina Bangsa School, Semarang, Indonesia
Skemp
Understanding in mathematics
relational
(conceptual)
instrumental
(procedural)
conventional
Teaching for conceptual
understanding is given
emphasis in Singapore Math.
Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 6
Pedagogical
Principle:
Skemp
Fraction
Division
skemp
Scarsdale Middle School New York
Dienes
Dienes encouraged the use of
variation in mathematics education
perceptual
variability
and
mathematical variability.
Pedagogical
Principle:
Dienes
Primary Mathematics Standards Edition
Pedagogical
Principle:
Dienes
Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 1
Pedagogical
Principle:
Dienes
homework
Are you able to see how these tasks are varied
according to Dienes idea of mathematical
variability?
How is Task 4
different from
Task 5?
16
16
30
Primary Mathematics Standards Edition Grade 5
dienes
theory
of
variation
dienes
Princess Elizabeth Primary School, Singapore
Emphasis on
pictorial
representation
and systematic
variation to
enhance
conceptual
understanding
conclusion
Instructional Models
Coaching
Modeling
Providing
Explaning
Da Qiao Primary School