basin of still is made of

materials with glass fibers and

a resin layer, represents the
lower part of the surface 1,39
m2
painted in black in order to
capture the maximum solar
energy
absorber is covered with sea
water of 3cm in depth ,
characterized by a salinity of
37,7 g/L
side and the lower walls are
insulated by a glass woolen
layer of 40mm of thickness and
a thermal performance = 0.042
w/m C to minimize the heat
loss into the outside
1

 production of the distilled

water depends strongly of
the incidental solar energy
condensate production
increases steadily and the
maximum quantity
obtained reaches 800 mL at
15 PM and 14 PM
variation in the
temperatures of the sheet
of water, the air/ Vapor
zone and the external glass;
this favours the evaporation
and the condensation
processes
2

PAPER 1
two models with same aperture but change in
its basin one is conventional type and other
one is concave basin
silicon rubber is used for vapour tight system
and for better sealing silicon sealant is used
basin is fabricated from galvanized iron sheet
and bottom of the basin is insulated by glass
wool surrounded by a G.I. sheet of 2mm
thickness
Productivity of concave solar still is slightly
higher than that of conventional one.
3

PAPER 3
a smaller volume trapped
inside the still chamber then
the traditional solar still so,
heating up the trapped air will
faster
step wise basin provides
higher heat & mass transfer
surface area then the
traditional still
using reflecting mirrors 30%
efficiency can be increase
using step wise basin 180%
efficiency can be increase
4

EXPLORING OF WATER DISTILLATION BY SINGLE SOLAR STILL BASINS

Ghassan A. Al-hassan, Salem A. Algarni
OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

to evaluate the potential of

using a solar still basin

Three similar insulated stills

basins were manufactured
from metal attached to
pyramidal glass with angle (
= 45)

Output was found to be 3.924

liters/day (3 litre), 3.116
liters/day (6 litre) and 2.408
liters/day (9 litre) for basin
area of 1 m2

To check the quality of

desalinated water

Three models were

differentiated by there basin
capacity such as 3 litres, 6
litres and 9 litres.

life expectancy of (20) years

and are easy to use and
maintain

To check the effect of depth of

water in the basin

better quality than bottled

water because it is purified
using the distillation process
5

 basin area of the still is 0.25 m2,

fabricated using galvanized iron
sheet of 18 gauge thickness.
bottom and sides of the basin are
insulated by 5 cm thick fiber-glass
surrounded by a wooden frame
of 5 cm thickness.
On the inside rim of the basin
two troughs have been fixed with
each one extends along two sides
of the basin to collect the
distillated water falling from the
glass cover which is fixed above
the tray.
Each trough is tilted at a small to
permit the distillated water to
leave the stiller through water to
a graded flask
6

 Three parameters TDS, pH and conductivity

were measured for just one sample before
and after desalination process
palatability of water with a TDS level of less
than 600 mg/liter is generally considered to
be good
The optimum pH required is usually in the
range 6.5 - 8 [9].

ENHANCEMENT OF DISTILLATE OUTPUT OF DOUBLE BASIN SOLAR STILL WITH VACUUM TUBES
Hitesh N. Panchal
OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

to make a double basin Overall size of the lower basin used

solar still
is 1006 mm X 325 mm X 380 mm
and the outer basin is
1006 mm X 536 mm X 100 mm

daily distillate output increases

by coupling vacuum tubes and
by coupling vacuum tubes and
black granite gravel to 56% and
65% respectively

to determine the
performance of a solar
still in climate
conditions of Mehsana
(latitude of 23590 and
longitude of 72 380),
Gujarat

Due to low cost, simplicity, easy

handling, and high distillate
output, vacuum tubes proved to
be another viable option for
high temperature distillation
option compared with flat plate
collectors

Performance of double basin solar

still like a double basin solar still
alone, double basin solar still with
black granite gravel, double basin
solar still with vacuum tubes and
double basin solar still with vacuum
tubes and black granite gravel is
compared

Economic analysis
showed payback period of 195
days
8

 average solar insolation is of 800

watt/m2.
Absorber plates used in inner
basin and outer basin are made of
aluminium sheet with black
chrome paint for increasing
absorptivity of solar radiation
insulation of 4 cm thickness is
provided at the bottom and sides
of the outer basin to prevent heat
losses.
PUF (polyurethane foam) with
thermal conductivity of 0.025
W/m2 K is used for the present
experiment.
Evaporated water inside inner and
outer basins is condensed by
toughened glasses of 3 cm
thickness
9

 Silicon rubber sealant is provided to hold toughened glass

14 vacuum tubes are coupled with making a 6 cm diameter
hole in the lower side of the inner basin.
Vacuum tubes are connected to still stand at an angle of 35
with respect to the horizontal axis
To increase distillate output of a solar still, black granite
gravel is used inside the inner and outer basins of a solar
still to reduce the quantity of water
Rubber gaskets are provided to fix vacuum tubes
Sponge material to prevent breakage of vacuum tubes

10

 Solar still distillate output depends on climate

conditions of the place like solar radiation,
ambient temperature
Basin water temperature as well as the inner
glass cover is the best parameter to get
enhanced distillate output from solar still
Black granite gravel was used mainly in the solar
still to reduce the quantity of water inside the
basin increases distillate output of a solar still
Black granite gravel is acting as an energy storage
medium and during evaporation it also increases
capillary action, hence the distillate output is
increased by use of it
11

 drop-wise condensation is 3 to 6
times than film-wise, which should be
up to 10 to 20 times due to the
presence of non-condensable gases
As the sub-cooling increased, dropwise condensation showed even
lower heat transfer rates than filmwise condensation
upward facing plate shows higher
heat transfer than downward facing
one, condensate film and rivulets run
down along the downward facing
plate and fall down in the edge of the
plates instead of falling down by the
gravity at their places of generation
due to an adsorption or a surface
tension effect by the molecular forces.
12