Expanding Public

Education
Sang.Im
Per:8

New Laws for elementary

schools
Although most states had established public schools by the civil war,
many children still received no formal schooling.

Between 1865 and 1895 states passed laws requiring 12 to 16 weeks

annually of school attendance by students between the ages of 8 and
14.

Picture for elementary

school

Changes in high schools

By early 1900, more than half a million students attended high school the
curriculum expanded to include courses in science,civics,and social
studies.

In the new industrial age,economy demanded advanced technical and

managerial skills.

Problems for African

Americans and immigrants
Although the pattern in public education in this era has been increased ,
opportunities differed sharply for white and black students.
In 1880 62% white children attended elementary school compared to 34
percent of African-American children.
For high school there was fewer than 1% of black teenagers attended in
1890.
Unlike African Americans,immigrants were encouraged to go to school.
Most immigrants sent their children to americas free public schools.

Expanding higher education

Between 1880 and 1920 College education has been increased by
quadrupled.
Professional schools in law and medicine were established, private
colleges and universities required entrance exams, but some state
universities began to admit students by using the high school diploma as
the entrance requirement.

Difference of opinion between the

philosophies of Booker T.Washington and
W.E.B. Dubois.
1. The prominent African American educator Booker T. washington, believed
that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved
their economic value to society. In Tuskegee University, they aimed to
equip African Americans with teaching diploma and useful skills in
agricultural, domestic or mechanical work.
1. For contrast W.E.B. Du Bois the first African American to receive a
doctorate from Harvard, strongly disagreed with washingtons gradual
approach. He found Niagara Movement in 1905, which insisted that blacks
should seek a liberal arts education so that the African American
community would have well-educated leaders.

WEB Dubois,Washington

Extra information
By the turn of the 20th century, millions of people received
the education they needed to cope with a rapidly changing
world. At the same time, however, racial discrimination
remained a thorn in the flesh of American society.

Sources
1. http://www.bccc.edu/cms/lib05/MD11000285/Centricity/Domain/99//Author
s/W_E_B_DuBois.html
2. http://www.mrlocke.com/US_History/book_files/8.2.pdf
3. http://wesa.fm/post/why-do-schools-take-summer-vacation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T._Washington