RESERVOIR

CHARACTERIZATION

Castro Armendriz Isaas

De Jess De Nova Rodrigo
Gutirrez Oseguera Alejandra
Mndez Campos Gregorio

DEFINITION

A model of that incorporates all the

characteristics of the reservoir.

It is used to simulate the behavior of

the fluids within the reservoir under
different sets of circumstances and to
find the optimal production techniques
that will maximize the production.

IMPORTANCE

Its main objective is to transform the

available data to reservoir properties.

It is a key step in :
developing
Monitoring
managing
optimizing production.

Reservoir characterization must be

dynamic.
It is often an inexact process

Interpretation of
information

Description of
the
heterogeneities

Formulation of
mathematical
models

CHALLENGES
Integration of different data types.

CHALLENGES
It is the key to managing the risk.

GEOPHYSICS IN RESERVOIR
CHARACTERIZATION

Geophysics :

Can save costs by reducing the drilling

risk and/or reducing dry holes and
poor producers.
Can contribute to reservoir economics
by adding reserves and by reducing
drilling cost.

Impacts in reservoir management

(Robertson (1989) ) :
Studies adds hydrocarbon reserves that
would not be produced by the existing
development plan.
Analysis provide data for improved
reservoir surveillance for fluid-flow
monitoring.
Geophysical techniques could add
quantitative information for enhancing and
constraining reservoir simulation models.

STATICAL ROCK PHYSICS:

Combining rock physics,
information theory, and
geostatistics to reduce
uncertainty in seismic reservoir
characterization

Why do we need to reduce the

uncertainty?
Any physical theory is a kind of
guesswork
There are good guesses and bad
guesses
Allows us to know which situation
might be highly variable

Our

most precise description of nature

must be in terms of proabilities

Interpretation of:
Rock physics

Statistical pattern

Information: Seismic inversion

Geostadistics

Rocks physics allows us to:

LINK SEISMIC RESPONSE AND

RESERVOIR PROPERTIES

EXTEND THE AVALIABLE DATA TO

GENERATE TRAINING DATA FOR
THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

What do we get?

Combining
deterministic
physical
models with statistical techniques
leads
to
new
methods
for
interpretation and estimation of
reservoir rock properties from seismic
data.

RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY
AND UNCERTAINTY
HETEROGENITY VARIATIONS
Lithology variations

Porosity

Pore fluids

Pressure

Clay contents

Temperature

Methodology
1.

Well-log information is analyzed to

obtain facies definition. Basic rock
physics are defined for de facies.
This is followed by Monte Carlo
simulation of seismic rock properties.

Methodology

Methodology
1.

The seismic data are used in

statistical classification technique to
extend the facies defined in the wells
to all voxels within the seismic
attribute cube. Calibrating the
attributes
with
the
probability
distributions defined at wells yields a
measure of the probability of
occurrence of each facies.

Methodology
1.

Geostatistics is used to include the

spatial correlation, represented by
the variograms, and the small-scale
variability, which is not captured in
seismic data because of limited
resolution. The probabilities obtained
from classification are then consider
in the new step updating the seismic.

Methodology

Well logs, geology and rock

physics
Using avaliable well information
Key well as reliable point of reference

Model the reservoir properties after

theoretically simulate changes in fluids
and saturation, cementation or
fractures.

Probability Density Function

(PDFs) Describes quantitatively our

knowledge about the rock properties,
the relations between rocks and
seismic signatures.

The data shall be extended or

enhanced using phyisical models to
derive PDFs for situations not
sampled in the original training data.

Conclusion
1.

Facies definition, statistical rock

physics, and estimation of facies
conditioned PDF of seismic attributes
from well log data

2.

Selection of attribute of attribute

combinations based on information
content for the target

Conclusion
3.

Estimation of attributes from seismic

data using vaious inversion methods

4.

Bayesian
classification
of
the
volumes of seismic attributes into
facies categories based on facies
conditioned, calibrated PDFs.
Integrating well-log-based spatial
variability using geo-statistics.

5.