The Introduction Section and Literature

Review

Format

The Introduction should contain these five component:

Scholarly Review of Relevant Literature
Purpose of Study
Theoretical Implications
Definitions of Variables
Statement of Hypothesis and their relations


Always start on a new page
Title of the paper are centered at the top, with
important words capitalized
Do not label the section itself

The Introduction

According to Publication Manual of the APA(2001),

the Introduction introduces the problem of the
study. It presents the specific problem under the
study and describes the research strategy.


Things to consider before writing your Introduction:
Why is this problem important?
How do the hypothesis and research design relate to
the problem itslef?
What are the theoretical implications of the study,
and how does the study relate to previous work in
the area?
What theoretical propositions are tested, and how
are they derived?

Example of Introduction

Backgroud of the Study

In developing the Background of the Study,

discuss the literature, but do not include a very
exhausive historical review.
This means that the researcher should present his
own experiences and describe how he became
interested in the study, thus giving life to the study.

Statement of the Problem

The Statement of the Problem states the purpose of

the study including the study variables and research
questions. And serve as a defining statement on
what the research revolves around.
The research questions specifically enumerate the
study variables that will be measured in the study.
The research questions may vary from 3 to 6
questions

Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a formal statement usually grounded

in observation.
A hypothesis cannot ever be proven with absolute
certainty.
A hypothesis must also have a rationale, in which it
must have a logical basis.

Litertaure Review

This part literallly consists of all the reference/s

related to the study, whether it is primary or
secondary sources.
Primary Sources meaning that these are first-hand
reports of facts,finding or events.
Secondary Sources are secondhand accounts of
events or facts.

What Should be Read?

Research Litertature- this is the academic work produced

by researchers working within or affliated to academic
institutions.
The Grey Litertature- this is often used to describe
research reports published by and /or for policy oriented
organizations like the Government.
Professional Literature- this type of publications are
produced by professional bodies around the world to
facilitate discussions of professional practice among
practitioners.
Other Publications- these include newspapers,
newsletters of organizations, popular books, magazines
and Online Sources.

Organization of Lit
Review

Authors idea about how the pieces of the puzzle fit

together
Only information from each study that is relevant to
a particular point not a summary of everyone elses
work in sequence
Omit your opinions
Limit the criticism of other authors- treat their work
fairly

Format Issues

Past tense to discusss other studies

Use headings to highlight your organization
Double-space everywhere- between and within
headings

When the Lit Review

Remember that the Literature has a review has a

purpose
Also a reason why it is important to study this topic