I.

THEORY
II. QUIZ

I. THEORY
1.Types of adverbs
2.Sentential adverbs
3.Adverbs of manner
4.Restricting adverbs
5.Viewpoint adverbs
6.Focusing adverbs
7.Adverbs of degree
8.The uses of rather, quite, fairly
9.The position of adverbs
10.Frequency adverbs
11.The position of negative adverbs
12.Additional adverbs
13.Constructions with comparisons

1.Types of adverbs
Adverbs can be categorized into a number of
groups according to their functions:
Time

now, today, yesterday, next week, afterwards

Place

here, there, inside, outside

Sentential

clearly, essentially, obviously, naturally

Manner

quickly, easily, slowly, precisely

Restricting just, only, purely, simply, solely

Viewpoint

economically, politically, scientifically

Degree

quite, rather, fairly, extremely, much, a lot

Focusing

especially, mainly, mostly, principally

Frequency always, usually, sometimes, never, seldom

2.Sentential adverbs
These adverbs modify the whole sentence
wisely Wisely, he rejected the offer.
essentially Essentially, there is not any significant
difference between the two approaches.
basically Basically, Im in favor of more radical
reforms.
naturally Naturally, there is a limit to what a person
can accomplish.

3.Adverbs of manner
These adverbs modify verbs, indicating
how something is done :
She typed the letter carefully.
Bill drove the car slowly.
The author analyzes the problems quite systematically.

4.Restricting adverbs
You are solely responsible for what happened.
Hair is found exclusively in mammals.
Is success simply a matter of working hard?
His work is purely theoretical.

5.Viewpoint adverbs
Economically and politically, Turkey is committed to
Europe.
Scientifically, the project was far from being
satisfactory.
Theoretically, this is possible.
Psychologically, he was in a turmoil.
Politically, its a bad decision.

6.Focusing adverbs
We talked mostly about me.
Some people, notably his colleagues, had learned to
ignore his moods.
The population of this island is predominantly black.
This song is popular particularly among young people.

7.Adverbs of degree
Emphasizers:
He will definitely reject your offer.
He is certainly right.

Amplifiers:
Set 1 : absolutely, entirely, extremely, fully
I quite forgot about her birthday.
She entirely agrees with me.
Their personalities are totally different.

7.Adverbs of degree
Set 2 : badly, deeply, far, greatly, a lot, well
The singer is immensely popular among young people.
She was bitterly disappointed.
I much prefer the old methods.

Downtowners:
Set 1 : kind of, quite, fairly, rather
He was rather late.
She speaks English fairly well.
I quite enjoyed the party.

7.Adverbs of degree
Set 2 : moderately, partly, somewhat, partially
This incident somewhat influenced his later life.
You are responsible for it to some extent.

Set 3 : hardly, little, scarcely, barely

I hardly ever go to the movies.
Little did they know that we were watching them.
Set 4 : almost, nearly, virtually, all but
He almost fell down.

8.a)The uses of rather

1.Negative adjectives

The exam was rather difficult.

2.Verbs

I rather like raw fish.

3.Comparative forms

He earns rather more than me.

4.Nouns

Its rather a pity.

5.With would

Id rather play football than swim.

6.Used in the sense of

to a great degree

The parents should be blamed

rather than the children.

7.Before too

These shoes are rather too big.

8.Positive adjective

Your results are rather good.

8.b)The uses of quite

1.Adjective

His English is quite good.

2.Adverbs

He can walk quite quickly now.

3.Nouns

Mr. Smith is quite an expert.

4.Verbs
(completely)
5.Superlative
forms

I dont quite agree with you.

Its quite the worst play I have
ever seen.

8.c)The uses of fairly

Usually used with positive adjectives and
adverbs:
The exam was fairly easy.
The weather is fairly warm today.
She speaks English fairly well.

9.The position of adverbs

manner + place + time
He did his homework carefully in the library today.

place + manner + time

John walked downtown in a leisurely manner today.

place + manner + frequency + time

Michael gave the same concert in Paris with great
success twice last year.

10.Frequency adverbs
Frequency adverbs follow the verb to be and
precede all the other verbs :

1.Ed

2.Ed

is
always
often
rarely
seldom

always
never
usually
comes

on time.

on time.

11.The position of negative

adverbs
Normal word order

Inverted word order

She rarely goes to the

opera.
We hardly ever eat in a
restaurant.
I will not support him under
any circumstances.
You should on no account let
strangers in.

Rarely does she go to the

opera.
Hardly ever do we eat in a
restaurant.
Under no circumstances will
I support him.
On no account should you
let strangers in.

12.Additional adverbs
Still
He still lives in Italy.
I still havent heard from him.
Any more / Any longer
She doesnt live here any more.
No longer
She no longer lives here.

13.Comparisons
The equal degree
He can type as accurately as you do.
The comparative degree
She types faster than I do.

The superlative degree

He types the fastest in our class.

II. QUIZ

1. I ___ enjoy looking around museums.

a)very b)quite c)a lot d)so
2. The majority of the students responded to the Deans call for greater
participation in cultural activities ___ than expected.
a)enthusiastically b)the most enthusiastically
c)more enthusiastically d)more enthusiastic

3. The errors you have made in this composition are not ___ serious
___ those you made in the previous one.
a)so/that b)such/as c)neither/nor d)so/as
4. An elephant can lift ___ a ton with its tusks.
a)so much that b)as many c)most d)as much as

5. After year of great unhappiness in her life, Mr.Costache one day just
seemed to go ___ .
a)mad b)madly c)madder d)madness
6. I write English ___ he does.
a)better than b)as good as

c)the best

d)as well

7. I have ___ education than my wife.

a)most b)much c)more d)the more
8. ___ powerful member of the entire cat family is the tiger.
a)Most b)The most c)More d)The more
9. Men dont live ___ women.
a)longest b)as long as c)as long

d)longer

10. Helen types ___ than all the other secretaries in our school.
a)more accurate b)more accurately
c)the more accurately
d)the most accurately

11. Alis bicycle cost twice ___ Cans.

a)more than b)as many as c)as much as

d)more as

12. Drying of meat and vegetables is no longer considered one of ___

of preserving food.
a)the ways are useful
b)the most useful ways
c)the ways most useful
d)most are useful ways

13. A nurse should be ___ a doctor.

a)patient as
b)more patient
c)more patient than
d)the most patient of

CHISCOP
IONUT-PAUL
2003