LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE-GU)

LTE Interoperability
in Connection Mode
(LTE->G/U)
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode
2. CS Interoperability
Page2
Contents
1.1 Technical Overview and Basic Concepts
1.2 Measurement Configuration

1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover
1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode
Page3
States of UE at Switch on
Related to
interoperability which
will be discussed in
this course
Idle Mode
States of UE
at Switch on
PS HO
Data Service
Continuity
CCO/NACC
Redirection
Connection
Mode
CS FallBack
Voice Service
Continuity
SRVCC
Page4
Mobility Management Overview in Connection

Mode
UE States
Types
Intra-frequency
HO
Causes/Scenario
Frequencypriority-based
Coverage-based
Connection
Mode
Inter-frequency
HO
PS HO
SRVCC
Load-based
UL-qualitybased
CCO/eNACC
Service-based
Redirection
Inter-RAT HO
Distance-based
Discussed
Execution
SPID-based HO
back to the HPLMN
Not be discussed
Discussing
CSFB
Page5
Handover Procedure
Page7
Neighbor Relationship Management Overview
Neighbor relationships define the relationships between the

serving cell and its neighboring cells, and they play a fundamental
role in handovers.
Neighbor relationships are planned in the network design stage.

They are automatically adjusted by ANR which is enabled.
There are three types of neighboring cells

Types
The Max Number of Ncell
The Max Number of Nfrequency
Intra-frequency Ncell
64
NA
Inter-frequency Ncell
64
128(UTRAN)
16(UTRAN)
64(GERAN)
16(GERAN)
Inter-RAT Ncell
Page8
Priority of the Neighboring Cell
For normal handover, if the target system is E-UTRAN or UTRAN, the eNodeB
preferentially selects the cells with parameters
EUTRANINTRAFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority,
EUTRANINTERFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority, or UTRANNCELL.CellMeasPriority
setted as HIGH_PRIORITY.
For the blind handover, The candidate cells must be the neighboring cells with blindhandover priorities 0.
Page9
UE Capability
The MME may inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities.
If the MME does not inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities, the eNodeB initiates
UE capability transfer over the radio interface to a UE, and the UE informs the
eNodeB of the UE capabilities through the UE Capability Information IE.
UE
UE
at ion
m
r
nf o
lit y I
i
b
a
Cap
eNB
UE Capability Information
Includes the UECapabilityInformation
-UE-CapabilityRAT-ContainerList
--UE-EUTRA-Capability
---featureGroupIndicators
--UE-EUTRA-Capability-v9a0
---featureGroupIndRel9Add-r9
--UE-EUTRA-Capability-v1020
---featureGroupIndRel10-r10
Page10
parameter
indicates whether the

UE is capable of
frequency-specific or
RAT-specific
measurements and
handovers.
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page11
HO Measurement Configuration Overview
After a UE establishes a radio bearer, the eNodeB delivers the

Measurement Configuration to the UE in an RRC Connection
Reconfiguration message.
The measurement configuration consists of
Measurement Objects
Reporting Configurations
Other Parameters
UE
eNB
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request
Complete

Request
Measurement Configuration
- measObjectToRemoveList
- measObjectToAddModList
- reportConfigToRemoveList
- reportConfigToAddModList
- measIdToRemoveList
- measIdToAddModList
- quantityConfig
- measGapConfig
- s-Measure
Page12
After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration

message which includes intra/intre-frequency/IRAT
measurement control info which inform UE to perform intra/intrefrequency/IRAT measurement
It contains all intra/intrefrequency/IRAT
measurement and report
configuration, including
A1(optional), A2(optional)
and A3(mandatory) event.
Trace from eNodeB

Page13
The Measurement Configuration for Inter-RAT

HO
For inter- RAT HO, the measurement configuration includes:
Inter-RAT measurement object: UTRAN or GERAN
Reporting configuration
Inter-RAT handover thresholds
Hysteresis
Time-to-trigger
Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN
Maximum number of cells to be reported
Interval between reports
The number of periodic measurement reports
Measurement quantity configuration
Measurement gap configuration
Page14
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Overview
Measurement objects are the objects that UEs measure. Measurement

object information includes the target system, target frequency and
target cell for a UE to measure, as well as the measurement
bandwidth and frequency-specific offset if target system is EUTRAN.
UE
eNB
Request
Complete

Request
-- measObjectId
-- measObject measObjectEUTRA
--- carrierFreq
--- allowedMeasBandwidth
--- presenceAntennaPort1
--- neighCellConfig
--- offsetFreq
--- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
---- cellIndividualOffset
Page15
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Parameters

Parameters
Description
carrierFreq
Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency EUTRAN cell
allowedMeasB
andWidth
Indicates the measurement bandwidth for

inter/intra-frequency neighboring cells
PresenceAnte
nnaPort1
Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency

neighboring cells are configured with the double-TX
antenna.
neighCellConfi
g
Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same

configuration or not
offsetFreq
Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency

neighboring cell
Page17
Data Configuration of Inter-RAT

Measurement Object
UMTS
GERAN
Page18
UTRAN Measurement Object
UE
eNB
Request
Complete

Request
-- measObjectId
-- measObject measObjectUTRA
--- carrierFreq
--- offsetFreq
--- cellsToRemoveList
--- cellsToAddModList
---- cellIndex
---- physCellId
--- cellForWhichToReportCGI
Page19
GERAN Measurement Object
UE
eNB
Request
Complete

Request
-- measObjectId
-- measObject measObjectGERAN
--- carrierFreqs
--- offsetFreq
--- ncc-Permitted
--- cellForWhichToReportCGI
Page20
Tracing Case Measurement Object
Page21
Report Configuration
Reporting configurations consist of the parameters related

to specific events.
UE
eNB
Request
Complete

Request
-- reportConfigId
-- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA
--- triggerType event
---- eventId e.g. eventA1
----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- triggerQuantity (RSRP)
--- reportQuantity
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Page22
Events for Report Configuration

interfrequenc
y or IRAT
intrafrequenc
y/interfrequenc
y
interfrequenc
y
Events
Threshold
A1
Signal quality in the serving cell

is higher than a specified
threshold
The eNodeB stops inter-frequency

or inter-RAT measurements.
A2
Signal quality in the serving cell

is lower than a specified
threshold
The eNodeB starts inter-frequency

or inter-RAT measurements
A3
Signal quality in at least one

intra-frequency/inter-frequency
neighboring cell is higher than
that in the serving cell
Source eNodeB sends an intrafrequency/inter-frequency handover

request.
A4
Signal quality is higher than a

specified threshold in at least
one inter-frequency neighboring
cell
A5
B1
IRAT
A2 + A4
Signal quality is higher than a
specified threshold in at least
one inter-RAT neighboring
cell
Action
Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.
Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.
source eNodeB sends an interRAT handover request.

Page23
Tracing Case Event 3 Report Configuration
Page25
Other Parameters Related to Events
Hysteresis
To reduce the number of event reports generated because of radio signal fluctuation, the
hysteresis to the signal quality is used in the entering and leaving conditions for each
event.
Time-to-Trigger
When the entering condition of an event is

met, the UE does not report the cell
measurement result associated with the
event to the eNodeB until the entering
condition is met throughout a specified
period, as defined by the time-to-trigger
parameter.
Triggering Quantity and Reporting

Quantity
Example:
RSRP & RSRQ
Page26
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(1/2)
1.Hysteresis
2.Time-to-trigger
UMTS
GERAN
Page27
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(2/2)

3. Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN
4. Maximum number of cells to be reported
5. Interval between reports

6. The number of periodic measurement reports
6
3
5
Page28
Other ParametersMeasurement Filtering
A: Measurement value at the physical layer
B: Measurement value obtained after L1 filtering.
C :Measurement value obtained after L3 filtering.

EUTRAN
EUTRAN
GERAN
UTRAN
Page29
Tracing Case Filtering

Configuration
This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing measurement
to resist fast fading effect. A larger value of this parameter

indicates a stronger smoothing effect and higher resistance
to fast fading, but it may weaken the tracing capability
towards varying signals
Page31
Tracing Case - Measurement ID
Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB
creates one or more measurement ID linked with object ID

and report ID. And this ID should be also included in the UE
report, so eNodeB can differentiate each reports
Page32
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page33
IRAT HO Scenario
Coverage-based HO
Load-based HO
UL-quality-based HO
Inter-RAT HO
Service-based HO
Distance-based HO
SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN
CSFB
(it will be introduced in Chapter4)
Page34
Coverage-based Handover Overview

Moves to
neighbor LTE
TDD cell
Moves to
neighbor LTE
FDD cell
LTE FDD
Inter-freq HO (IF A2)
Moves out
of LTE
coverage
LTE TDD
Inter-RAT
Inter-Frequency
Threshold of trigger
is higher than
threshold of trigger
Inter-RAT HO (IR A2),
which means that
inter-freq HO is
Intra-Frequency
triggered earlier than

inter-RAT HO.
UMTS
Moves to LTE
coverage
If UE under UMTS move to LTE coverage, there are two options:

Service is still provided by UMTS. When service ends, UE
will camp on LTE network by cell reselection
UMTS triggers Inter-RAT handover to LTE
Using different event threshold to decide handover target

Handover Priority: Intra-frequency > inter-frequency , Intra-RAT > inter-RAT
Handover between TDD/FDD looks as Inter-Frequency of LTE system
Page35
Event Related with Coverage-based HO
The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration related to

event A2 to a UE in connected mode to monitor the signal quality
of the serving cell. The eNodeB may deliver measurement

configurations for two types of events A2 to the UE
Event A2 for
IRAT...
measurement
Event A2
for ...
blind
handover
If the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the

specified threshold
If the signal quality in the serving cell further deteriorates and

the eNodeB does not perform a handover for the UE, the UE
reports event A2 for blind handover.
Page36
Data Configuration of Coverage-based

HO
The switches UtranRedirectSwitch and GeranRedirectSwitch

under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
specify whether coverage-based handovers to GERAN and

UTRAN cells are enabled, respectively.
Page37
Measurement Trigger Conditions of IRAT HO

by Event A2
A2 Event
Moves to
neighbor LTE
cell
Moves out
of LTE
coverage
LTE
GSM/UMTS
Coverage
Intra-LTE
Inter-RAT
According to radio link condition (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold
Leaving condition: Ms Hys > Threshold
Page38
Data Configuration Of Measurement Trigger

Condition of IRAT HO by Event A2
RSRP/RSRQ
Measurement
quantities
Hysteresis,
threshold and time
to trigger related
with event A2
Page40
Target-based Setting of Inter-RAT Event A2
For GU, RSRP thresholds can be adjusted via the offsets.
The offsets do not affect the RSRQ thresholds for inter-RAT

measurement event A2.
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold-10
Leaving condition: Ms Hys > Threshold-10
Page41
Measurement Stopping Condition of IRAT HO by

Event A1
The event A1 threshold

must be higher than the
event A2 threshold to
ensure that event A1 can
stop inter-RAT
measurements in
coverage-based inter-RAT
Entering condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh

handovers.
Leaving condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh
Page43
Data Configuration Of Measurement Stopping

Condition of IRAT HO by Event A1
These
parameters are
the same to both
A1 and A2
Hysteresis,
threshold and time
to trigger related
with event A1
Page45
Blind-Handover Triggering by Event A2
In coverage-based IRAT handovers, the eNodeB delivers a measurement

configuration related to event A2 for blind handover if the signal quality of the serving
cell deteriorates to a specified level and the UE has not been handed over.
Event A2 for blind handover can trigger both inter-frequency and IRAT blind
handovers.
the RSRP threshold and RSRQ threshold of event A2 for blind handover are the
same and specified in the following parameters.
Other parameters related to blind handover events A1 and A2 are specified by

parameters for inter-RAT blind handovers
Page46
Relationship between IRAT HO and Blind

HO
The eNodeB delivers event A2 for blind handover but not event A2 for interfrequency or inter-RAT measurement if both the following conditions are met:
The UE does not support inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement.
The threshold of event A2 used for inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement is

lower than the threshold of event A2 for blind handover.
A coverage-based inter-RAT blind handover can be performed in the form of a blind
redirection.
If the target system is GERAN, it can also be performed in the form of a blind CCO.
If VoIP services are running on the UE that reports event A2 for blind handovers, the
eNodeB determines an IRAT handover policy(discussed later) based on the
handover policy configuration and UE capability.
Page48
Load based Handover: Inter-RAT
When high load occurs in LTE but low load in GSM/UMTS, make
some UEs handover to GSM/UMTS
UE
eNB
Load Evaluation
GSM
UMTS
load transfer
Load Balancing
Decision
Low load
target cell
Blind HO Switch is
ON & target cell is
in blind HO List?
High load
Blind HO list can be

configured according to
operator's strategy and
networking scenarios
Y
Inter-RAT HO
based
Measurement
LTE
Measurement GAP
Event B1 Parameters
Event B1
Triggered
Measure Report
HO Decision
IR-HO Execute
Page49
Blind
HO
Multiple handover
schemes according
to the capability of
network, and UE e.g.
PSHO, CCO/NACC,
Redirection
Data Configuration of Load-based HO

UEs in connected mode are
handed over to UTRAN cells
and
UEs are handed

over to GERAN cells
and
Blind HO
UL-Quality-based Handover
Scenario:
DL
quality is good, but
UL quality is limited,
which result to poor

service experience.
Principle:
When
HO
UL IBLER is
higher than threshold,

trigger handover to a
better neighbor cell.
Improve Edge User Experience in Interference or UL-Limited Scenario

Page51
UL-Quality-based Inter-RAT Handover

LTE(F1)
UL Quality threshold are set by the system.

1. UL Quality > threshold
2
1
2. Sends target cell and instructs UE 2G/3G

to initiate GAP/B1 measurement or LTE(F2)
4
3
3. Sends GAP/B1 measurement

report to the eNodeB
4. Instruct UE to HO
Description
Due to the UL interference, the coverage in UL
is limited compared to DL
The UE has limited power
The HO algorithms are implemented for DL HO
Benefit
Guarantee Service Continuity in UL
limited LTE networks
Page 52
Service-based Handover: Inter-RAT
Handover voice service when E-RAB established
UE
to UMTS/GSM
eNB
UE initiate service
To improve efficiency and capacity of whole
E-RAB Initial
system
Only Voip E-RAB
To save the investment at the beginning of
LTE
HO
Measurement
Handover to 3G/2G
according to service
Measurement
Configuration
Event B1 trigger
Measure Report
LTE coverage
HO Decision
3G/2G coverage
HO Execute
Page53
Data Configuration of Service-based HO
Page54
Distance-based HO Overview
Page56
Data Configuration of Distance-based HO
Page58
Background of Inter-PLMN Handover
Besides handover between PLMNs which belong to

different operators, there is another scenario where an
operator may own multiple PLMNs which are
respectively used to provide coverage for different
RATs.
To enable UE handovers between PLMNs owned by

the same operator, inter-PLMN handovers are
introduced.
Page59
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(1/2)
Page60
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(2/2)
MAPPING
Page61
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN

Overview(1/2)
A handover back to the HPLMN policy defines whether a UE can be
handed over from another PLMN to its HPLMN when it moves back to an
E-UTRAN of its HPLMN.

The SpidCfg.HoBackToHPLMNSwitch parameter specifies whether
handover back to the HPLMN is allowed for UEs with a specific SPID.
Scenario:
Operator A's coverage is embedded in Operator

B's coverage, i.e. a UE does not lose coverage
Operator As
subscriber
allowed to roam
in Bs network
Inter-PLMN Handover to
As home PLMN
from operator B when entering coverage of

operator A.
Operator B
Operator Bs eNB needs to know the
Operator A
subscribers home PLMN to decide whether a

handover towards As network shall be
triggered.
Page62
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN

Overview(2/2)
For roaming subscribers, HPLMN cell will be more suitable to be selected

than roaming cell when entering HPLMN coverage area through
connected mode handover.
This kind of handover is also an inter-PLMN handover. Before using this

policy, ensure that the HPLMN has the frequency with the highest priority
in the cell reselection policy, and inter-PLMN handover.
Parameter and Setting
UE
Spid
HoBackToHPLMNSwitch
FALSE(FALSE)
2
3
4
5
...
...
2
3
4
5
...
256
TRUE(TRUE)
TRUE(TRUE)
FALSE(FALSE)
...
...
...
Page63
Conditions of SPID-based HO Back to the

HPLMN
Handover back to the HPLMN takes effect for a UE only

when all the following conditions are met:
High frequency priorities
and different PLMN
Comparing with
serving cell, a
Switch related
neighbour cell should
to InterPlmnHo
has higher frequency
is enable
priorities and a
The parameter
different PLMN
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.
SpidCfg.HoBackTo
HoAlgoSwitch.InterP
HPLMNSwitch
lmnHoSwitch is
parameter is set to
selected.
SPID-based
TRUE(TRUE)
HO Back to
the HPLMN
Switch related
to SpidCfg is
enable
Page64
Example of SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN

PLMN B
PLMN A
CN
2. eNB/RNC get SPID of
this UE from Bs MME
1. As UE
access to Bs
network
1
3. eNB check the neighbor cell list by

this PLMN when UE HO to it, if find
matched cell, ask the UE to HO
HO to HPLMN happens
in this cell
Handover to HPLMN based SPID can facilitate roaming user back to its network to save the cost.
Page65
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page66
Redirection Definition
Redirection is a method of transferring UEs between cells and is a type of

handover when "handover" is used as a generic term.
When a handover cannot be performed in an emergency or due to

equipment limitations, the eNodeB sends the UE an RRC Connection
Release message, which contains information about a neighboring
frequency in the LTE system or in another RAT system. Using this
message, the eNodeB instructs the UE to initiate a random access

procedure towards an inter-frequency or inter-RAT neighboring cell so
that the UE can resume its services.
Compared with handovers, redirections do not include a procedure for

initiating a handover request towards a neighboring cell. Therefore,
redirections have lower requirements for equipment capabilities and can
be rapidly performed. The two methods differ in the way to transfer UEs.
Page67
Redirection Data Configuration
The 2G/3G network are generally mature, and may not support IRAT handovers
from the E-UTRAN. In this situation, redirections instead of inter-RAT handovers
can be performed on UEs. Therefore, network capabilities must be collected to
determine whether to enable handovers or redirections for UE transfer.
If both handovers and redirections are enabled, the eNodeB preferentially

uses handovers to transfer UEs.
Page68
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page70
Blind Handovers Overview
To reduce delay, the eNodeB may select a target cell for handover in the
absence of the measurement information. This type of handover is called a
blind handover, which is a generic term.
Blind handover consists of
The handover without neighboring cell measurements
CCO
Redirection
If eNodeBs decide to perform blind handovers, they will not deliver the GAP
measurement and related measurement control order but directly deliver
handover commands, CCO indicators, or redirection indicators to the UEs.
Page71
Comparison between Blind HO and Normal HO

Measurement report (A2)
intra/inter-frequency/IRAT
measurement activate
Handover command
Measurement based HO

Handover command
Blind Ho
Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by intra/inter-frequency/IRAT

measurement report
Blind handover: Skip intra/inter-frequency/IRAT measurement, directly execute HO

based on priority configuration
Once blind HO is activated, eNodeB directly decide the HO target based on the priority
configuration of each neighbor
Page72
The Target Selection Procedure of the Blind HO

Star
Attention: Firstly select a cell in the intraRAT system and then a inter-RAT system,
for the priority of EUTRAN is higher than
that of an inter-RAT system.
The eNodeB selects the system

with the highest priority
Are valid Ncells available

for the blind-HO?
No
Yes
The eNodeB selects the Ncells

with the highest blind-HO priority
The eNodeB selects a frequency

based on the frequency priority
The eNodeB filters the target

cells or frequencies
Is only one target cell or

frequency available ?
No
Yes
The eNodeB randomly selects

target cells or frequency
The eNodeB performs a blind-HO
Page73
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority

1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the
target system.
The priorities of EUTRAN systems
Page75
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority

1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the
target system.
The priorities of IRAT systems
Page76
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind

HO Priority
2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
Within EUTRAN system
EUTRAN
Page77
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind HO Priority

2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
In IRAT system
UTRAN
GERAN
Page78
Data Configuration of the Neighbor

Frequency Priority
UTRAN
GERAN
Page79
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target

Frequencies
3. The eNodeB filters the blind-handover targets to prevent a blind handover
to an inappropriate target.
For cell: The filtering of the target neighboring cells is the same as that
in Handover Decision.
For frequency: When filtering the target frequencies, the eNodeB

filters out the frequencies whose PLMN is different from the PLMN of
the serving cell.
Page80
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target

Frequencies
UTRAN
GERAN
Page81
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page82
IRAT HO Measurement Overview
Step1: When inter-RAT measurements are required, the eNodeB

delivers to the UE a Measurement Configuration message
containing the inter-RAT measurement configuration, instructing

the UE to perform inter-RAT measurements.
Step2: If the triggering condition of inter-RAT handover event B1

or B2 are met, event B1 or B2 will be reported. Basing on the
reported inter-RAT measurement result, the eNodeB makes an
inter-RAT handover decision.
The measurement phase of the inter-RAT handover consists of

inter-RAT measurement configuration, setup of measurement
gaps, and triggering of event B1 or B2.
Page83
Event B1/B2 Triggering Scenario
Coverage-based inter-RAT handovers
can be triggered by event B1 or B2
The type of event used to trigger coverage-based inter-RAT

handovers is specified by the
InterRatHoComm.InterRatHoEventType parameter.
Other types of inter-RAT handover
can be triggered only by event B1. If event B2 is used to trigger noncoverage-based inter-RAT handovers, cell center users (CCUs) do
not report event B2.
Page84
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B1
Event B1 indicates that the signal quality is higher than a specified
threshold in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell. When the information

about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source
eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.
UE
eNB
Request
Complete
Request
-- reportConfigId
-- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT
--- triggerType event
---- eventB1
----- b1-ThresholdUTRA or
----- b1-ThresholdGERAN
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Page85
Event B1 Triggering Mechanism

UTRAN
Cell
EUTRAN
Cell
Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh
Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
Page86
Data Configuration Related to Event B1

Ofn
URAN
Thresh
Hys
time-to-trigger
Thresh
GERAN
Hys
Thresh
time-to-trigger
Page87
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B2
Event B2 indicates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than
a threshold and that the signal quality in at least one inter-RAT

neighboring cell is higher than another threshold. When the information
about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source
eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.RRC Connection Reconfiguration
UE
eNB
Request
Complete
Request
-- reportConfigId
---triggerType event
---- eventB2
----- b2-Threshold1
----- b2-Threshold2
------ b2-Threshold2UTRA or
------ b2-Threshold2GERAN
---- hysteresis
---- timeToTrigger
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
Page88
Event B2 Triggering Mechanism

Mn
EUTRA
Cell
Ofn-Hys
TTT
Threshold 2
Threshold 1
UTRA
Cell
Hys
Mp
B2-2
B2-1 B2
Triggered
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh 1 and Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh 2
Leaving condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh 1 or Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh 2
Page89
Data Configuration Related to Event B1
Event B2 uses the same set of parameters as event B1 except

four parameters: the triggering quantity related to Thresh 1, the
measurement quantity related to Thresh 2, Thresh 1, and Thresh

2. For details about the four parameters, see the following Tables.
Thresh 1 for event B2

Triggering Quantity
The same as the triggering
quantity of event A2
Thresh 1
RSRP InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRP
RSRQ InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRQ
Thresh 2 for event B2

Measurement Quantity
UTRAN
GERAN
RSCP
Ec/No
RSSI
Thresh 2
InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdRSCP
InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdEcN0
InterRatHoGeranGroup.InterRATHoGeranB1Thd
Page90
Measurement GAP
Measurement gaps are applicable to inter-frequency and inter-RAT

measurements.
During the measurement
gaps the UE:
not transmit any data
is not expected to tune its
receiver on the E-UTRAN

serving carrier frequency.
Page91
Data Configuration of IRAT Measurement Priorities
This is only available to IRAT measurements on the UTRAN.
Page93
Event-Triggered Periodical Reporting
After an event is reported at the first time, the measurement

results associated with the event are reported periodically by UE,
which is called event-triggered periodical reporting.
eNB
Periodical
Reporting
eNB
UE
Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640,

ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240,
min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)
Page94
The Purpose of IRAT Periodical Reporting
UE
eNB
Request
Complete

Request
-- reportConfigId
---triggerType periodical
---- purpose
--- maxReportCells
--- reportInterval
--- reportAmount
There are three purposes defined for periodical reporting:
Report Strongest Cells.
Report Strongest Cells For SON.
Report CGI.
Page95
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page96
Handover Decision Overview
In this phase, the eNodeB checks the measurement result reported by the
UE and decides whether to perform an inter-RAT handover for a UE or
the blind-handover priorities and judges to triger a handover.
The eNodeB derives a list of candidate cells from the measurement report
sent by the UE.
For normal handover, the list is based on the signaling strength, while for
a blind handover, it is based on the blind-handover priorities.
If the eNodeB receives measurement reports about different RATs, it

processes the reports in a First In First Out (FIFO) manner.
Check measurement result
Measurement Report
Decide target cell
Page97
Filtering Principle of Target Cell
The eNodeB filters out the following cells from the neighboring cell
list:
Blacklisted neighboring cells
Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the
cell1
cell2
serving cell if the inter-PLMN handover switch is
cell3
disabled. Refer to the section Inter-PLMN Handovers
cell3
cell5
cell4
Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag.
cell5
Neighboring cells in the areas indicated by the IE
cell6
Handover Restriction List in the INITIAL CONTEXT

SETUP REQUEST message sent from the MME.
Page98
Contents

1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page99
Handover Execution Overview
In this phase, the UE and the eNodeB exchange signaling over the radio
interface according to the protocol.
The LTE system uses hard handovers, that is, only one radio link is
connected to a UE at a time.
The source and target eNodeBs exchange signaling and data through
X2/S1 adaptation.
In the case of IRAT HO, the eNodeB

sends a handover request and
forwards data over the S1 interface.
Page100
Data Forwarding Overview
Definition: After the source eNodeB sends a handover command

to the UE, the UE detaches the connection from the source
eNodeB. The source eNodeB then forwards the uplink (UL) data
that is received out of order and the DL data to be transmitted, to
the target eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data transfer ratio and

an increase in the data transfer delay that are caused by user data
loss during the handover.
Page102
Data Forwarding Procedure

Source eNodeB
Buffering
DL data
Step1:RRC connection
Break
S-GW
Source eNodeB
Step2: source eNodeB

implement DL data
buffering
Target eNodeB
Source
eNodeB
Data
forwarding
Target eNodeB
Step4: Random access

to target cell
Step3: Buffer forwarding to

target cell
Attention: There are several
scenario introduced in the notes
Page103
IRAT Handover Execution Policy

IRAT Handover Execution Policy Priority:
PS handover > SRVCC > CCO(GSM ONLY) > Redirection
LTE PS
2G/3G PS
PS handover
LTE VOIP
2G/3G CS LTE PS
SRVCC
CCO/NACC
RRC Connection
Release
LTE
Connection
Mode
Access
Procedure
2G/3G
Redirection
GSM
Idle Mode
Page104
Data Configuration of Handover

Execution Policy
The LTE system is incapable of carrying CS services. If an E-UTRAN UE

needs to start a mobile-originated or mobile-terminated CS service, the
UE will be moved to another RAT by means of CSFB.
Page105
Contents
1.4 Redirection
1.5 Blind Handover
Page106
Contents
1.9.1 PS Handover for LTE <->G/U
1.9.2 RRC Release & Redirection for LTE <->G/U

1.9.3 eNACC for LTE->GERAN
1.9.4 CCO for GERAN->LTE
Mainly focus on the Gn/Gp SGSN

Page107
PS Handover LTE->GERAN/UTRAN
Overview
The UE in connected mode is handed over to a GERAN/UTRAN
cell after the UE moves from the area covered by both the LTE
network and GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered only by the

HO Trigger,
Measurement and Decision
GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS
services.
HO decision: LTE to GU
SGW
LTE
eNodeB
eNodeB sends HO request
MME sends relocation to target SGSN
Target GU network establish access

connection
MME
PGW
HO command is sent to UE
MS detected by target GU network
BSC/RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Target network finish relocation.

Context exchange with source PGW
GSM /
UMTS BTS
Release source network resources
Page108
MS
Source
eNodeB
Target
RNC
Old MME
Serving
GW
New Gn/Gp
SGSN
P-GW
1. Decision to perform
handover to UTRAN
2. Handover Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
PS HO(LTE>UMTS) Gn/Gp
SGSN
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers

4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
5. Forward Relocation Response
6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
7. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
8. Handover Command
9. Forwarding of data
10. HO from E-UTRAN Command
MS detected by target RNC

13. RRC message
12. Relocation Detect

14. Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge
16. Update PDP Context Request
16. Update PDP Context Response
17. Routeing Area Update
C2
C3
18. Delete Session Request

18b. Release Resources
18a. Delete Session Response
Page109
PS HO(LTE->GERAN) Gn/Gp SGSN

Preparation phase (Almost the same with that of LTE->UMTS except for some
signaling message name )

UE
Source
eNodeB
Target BSS
Source MME
New SGSN
Serving GW
Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs

1. Handover Initiation
2. Handover Required
4. PS Handover Request
5. Reservation of radio resources in target BSS

6. Target BSS creates the Target BSS to Source BSS Transparent Container
7. PS Handover Request Acknowledge
Page111
PDN GW
HSS
UE
Source
eNodeB
Target BSS Source MME
New SGSN
Serving GW
PDN
GW
HSS

1. Handover Command
2. HO from E-UTRAN Command
4. GERAN A/Gb Access Procedures

5. XID Response
Downlink User Plane PDUs
Forwarding of data
Sending of
uplink data
possible
PS HO(LTE> GERAN)
Gn/Gp
SGSN
6. PS Handover Complete
7. XID Response
8a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge
9. Update PDP Context Request
11. Update PDP Context Response
Execution
phase (Almost
the same with
that of LTE>UMTS except
for some
12. XID Negotioation for LLC ADM

12a. SABM UA exchange
re-establishment and XID negotiation for LLC ABM)
13. Routing Area Update procedure
14. Delete Session Request
signaling
message name
)
14b. Release Resource

14a. Delete Session
Response
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies
Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Page112
PS HO(GERAN/UTRAN->LTE) Gn/Gp
SGSN
The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell

after the UE moves from the area covered only by the
GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE
network and GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS
services.
Page113
MS
Source
RNC
Target
eNodeB
Old Gn/Gp
SGSN
New MME
S-GW
P-GW
HSS
1. Decision to handover
2. Relocation Required
4. Create Session Request

5. Create Session Response
6. Handover Request
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
7. Handover Request Acknowledge
8. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
9. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
PS
HO(UTRAN
->LTE)
Gn/Gp SGSN

C1
11. Relocation Command
12. Forwarding of data
13. RRC message
14. Forward SRNS Context
14. Forward SRNS Context Acknowledge
MS detected by target RNC
15. HO to EUTRAN Complete
15. Handover Notify

20 Iu Release Command
17. Modify Bearer Request

18. Modify Bearer Request/Response
20a. Iu Release Complete
19. Modify Bearer Response

21. Tracking Area Update procedure
22. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1
23. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
23a. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
Page114
PS HO(GERAN->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN

Preparation phase
UE
Source
BSS
Target
eNodeB
Old
SGSN
Target MME
Serving GW
Uplink and DownlinkUser Plane PDUs

1. Handover Initiation
2. PS Handover Required
4. Create Session Request
4a. Create Session Response
5. Handover Request
5a. Handover Request Acknowledge
Page116
PDN GW
HSS
PS HO(GERAN->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN

Execution phase
UE
Source
BSS
Target
eNodeB
Old SGSN
Serving GW
Target MME
PDN
GW
HSS

Forwarding of data
1. PS HO Required Acknowledge
2. PS Handover Command
4. E-UTRAN Access Procedures
3a. Forward SRNS Context Ack
5. HO to E-UTRAN Complete
6. Handover Notify
Sending of
uplink data
possible
(A)
9a. Modify Bearer Response
10. Modify Bearer Response

11. BSS Packet Flow Delete Procedure
12. Tracking Area Update procedure
13. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1
Page117
Contents


Page118
LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Overview
When the UE in connected mode moves from the area covered

by both the LTE network and UTRAN(or GERAN) to the area
covered by only the UTRAN, the UE needs to be handed over to

the UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. . The
eNodeB obtains the UE capability and knows that the UE
does not support either PS handover or CCO(for GERAN).
The eNodeB instructs the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC
release & redirection mode.
Page119
LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Procedure

SGW
PGW
MME
LTE
eNodeB
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
BSC
SGSN
GGSN
eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
GSM /UMTS BTS

UE
eNB
UE send target cell measurement to
RNC
MME
SGSN
S/P-GW
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover
decision
3. RRC Connection Release
4. UE reselect the target GERAN/UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure
eNodeB send RRC Release message

to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo
that specifies the frequency of the
target GERAN/UTRAN cell.
UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the
GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified
frequency according to redirection
information.
eNodeB requests MME release LTE
RRC_Connect.
UE initiates an RAU procedure.
Page120
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Overview
GERAN->LTE
The UE initiates a CSFB voice call in the area covered by both LTE and GERAN
and camps on the GERAN network. When the BSC releases the air interface
connection after the voice call is terminated, the released message carries the
Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH parameter, which
contains the information about the E-UTRAN cell (EARFCN and PCI), instructing
the UE to reselect to the LTE network.
UTRAN->LTE
The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell after the UE moves
from the area covered only by the UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE
network and UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. The RNC obtains
the UE capability and knows that the UE does not support the PS handover. The
eNodeB decides to instruct the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC release +
redirection mode.
Page121
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Procedure

UE
RNC
eNB
MME
SGSN
S/P-GW
2.Handover
decision
UTRAN->LTE
4. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
UE
BSC
eNB
MME
SGSN
1. CS call terminated
2. Channel Release
GERAN->LTE
3. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
Page122
S/P-GW
Contents


Page123
eNACC from the LTE to the GERAN

Overview
When the UE in connected mode moves out of the area

covered by both the LTE network and the GERAN, if the
target GERAN or UE does not support the PS handover, the
system message of the target GERAN cell is sent to the UE
on the source LTE network. In this case, the duration of the
UE accessing the target GERAN cell is shortened to reduce
the service interruption duration.
Page124
SGW
eNACC LTE ->

GERAN
PGW
MME
LTE
eNodeB
BSC
SGSN
GGSN
GSM BTS
UE
SourceeNB
Serving
GW
Source
MME
Target
SGSN
Target
BSS
PDN
GW
HSS
HO Trigger, Measurement and

Decision
UE send target cell
measurement to eNodeB.
eNodeB makes HO decision
2.Handover decision
3. ENB Direct Information Transfer
4. RAN Information Request
5. RAN Information Request
eNodeB gets target cell info.

by RIM procedure
eNodeB sends HO command to
UE
6. RAN Information
7. RAN Information
8. MME Direct Information Transfer
9. Mobility From EUTRA Command
10. Routing Area Update Procedure
MS detected by target GSM

network
Target network finish

relocation.
Context exchange with source
PGW
MME release source network
resources
Page125
Contents


Page126
CCO from the GERAN to the LTE Overview
After the UE in connected mode moves from the area

covered by only the GERAN to the area covered by both the
LTE network and the GERAN, if the GERAN or UE does not
support the PS handover, the BSC initiates the NACC
procedure to obtain the system message of the target EUTRAN and informs the UE about the message. In this
case, the duration of the UE accessing the target E-UTRAN
cell is shortened to reduce the interruption duration is
reduced.
Page127
CCO from the GERAN to the LTE

UE
SourceBSC
Source SGSN
Target MME
Target eNB
1. Measurement
Report
2.Handover decision
3. RAN INFORMATION REQUEST
4. RAN
INFORMATION
RELAY
5. MME DIRECT
INFORMATION
TRANSFER
7. RAN
INFORMATION
RELAY
6. ENB DIRECT
INFORMATION
TRANSFER
8. RAN INFORMATION
9. PACKET CELL
CHANGE ORDER
10.Tracking Area Update Procedure
Page128
PDN GW
HSS
Contents
Page129
LTE Voice Solution
From a technological perspective, there are two standard

solutions to provide CS services for E-UTRAN UEs:
Voice over IMS
IMS required
Rich VoIP service experience
Fast connection
Required SRVCC handover
support
Voice Solution
CSFB
Fast supply voice service for

LTE user
Make full utilization of
inherited CS network, fast
deployment
Large delay
Page130
Network Architecture & Functionality for

CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN
Need to be R8 ready
Maintaining SGs
association with MME
for the mobility

management and
paging procedures
between EPS and
CS domain.
MSC/VLR
A
Gs
SGSN
Iu-cs
GERAN
Gb
Gr
UTRAN
Multi-mode G/U/L
CSFB capable
Support of procedures:
Combined EPS/IMSI
Attach, Update, Detach.
C/D
HSS/HLR
SGs
Iu-ps
S3
S6a
Deriving a VLR number and LAI from

the TAI of the current cell, or using a
default VLR number and LAI.
Maintaining SGs association with
MSC/VLR for EPS/IMSI Attached UE
Triggering paging to eNodeB (when
MSC-S pages the UE)
Initiating IMSI Detach at EPS Detach
S12
PCRF
S4
MME
S11
S7
S1-MME
S5
SGi
S1-U
E-UTRAN
S-GW
G/U/L handset
Forwarding paging request for CS domain to the UE.
Directing the UE to the target CS capable cell. (PS
HO/redirection with or without SIBs).
Rx
Internet / intranet /
Operators & 3rd
Party Applications
PDN-GW
Page131
Contents
2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB
2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page132
CSFB Procedure at the eNodeB
Star
CSFB mechanisms
include PS
The eNodeB receives a CSFB

Indicator from the MME
redirection, PS
handover, and
Triggering phase
CCO/NACC. No
matter which CSFB
mechanism is
Yes
The eNodeB delivers measurement

Measurement phase configurations to the UE
adopted, both
measurement-based
Are the conditions for

initiating a blind HO met?
Decision phase
The eNodeB makes a

CSFB decision
Execution phase
The eNodeB exectes a

CSFB decision
handover and blind

handover are
applicable.
End
Page133
No
CSFB Triggering Principle(1/3)
After a UE initiates a CS service in an E-UTRAN cell, the MME sends the

eNodeB an S1-AP Request message that contains a CSFB Indicator,
notifying the eNodeB that the UE should be transferred to the target

networks which are specified by the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoAlgoSwitch
parameter.
Page134
CSFB Triggering Principle(2/3)
Choosing Between a Blind HO and a Measurement-based HO

Star
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.Blind
HoSwitch is enabled ?
Yes
No
The UE supports certain

RAT measurement ?
No
Yes
Triggering the RAT measurement
Blind Redirection
Blind CSFB
Page135
CSFB Triggering Principle(3/3) - Blind CSFB

Overview
In case of Blind HO(or redirection) , eNodeB decides the

CSFB target based on:
Blind handover priority of the target RAT:
Blind handover priority of the specific cell:
InterRatHighestPri, InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri
BlindHoPriority
LAI information ( R10 feature)
Page136
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB

1. The eNodeB selects a RAT with the highest blind-handover priority.
Page137
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB(1/2)

2.
The eNodeB selects a cell with the highest blind-handover priority in this
RAT
UTRAN
0~32
GERAN
0~32
Page138
Measurement Phase Measurement Based

CSFB Overview
In case of measurement based CS Fallback, eNodeB

sends the UE the measurement configuration, include :
RAT type
Frequencies
CSFB B1 parameters
The measurement configuration related with both

should be that the UE is capable of measuring
Page139
Measurement Phase Measurement Report

Configuration
In Measurement, CSFB is triggered by event B1:
Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh
Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
The B1 thresholds are different from those of handover:
CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdRscp
CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdEcn0
CS FallbackHoGeranB1Thd
Page140
Measurement Phase Event B1 Threshold
Configuration of CSFB event B1 threshold:
Page141
Decision Phase Target Selection
In the decision phase of a measurement-based handover,

the eNodeB determines target cell based on:
Evaluation of measurement report
LAI priority ( R10 feature)
Page142
LAI based CSFB (R10)

LTE Core
TA1/LA1
MME
GUL
TAI/LAI
CSFB to LA1
Select same LA to CSFB
GUL
GUL
TA3/LA1
TA2/LA2
Priority to select target GU cells with same LAC as UE

registered in GU NW during CSFB to avoid LAU (0.5s~3s).
Support national Roaming UE to select suitable fallback

RAT/Cell bases on LAI Indicator among multi-PLMNs.
Page143
Execution Phase - CSFB to

GERAN
Star

indicator from MME
Yes
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS
witch is enabled ?
No
No
Does the UE support B1

measurement ?
Yes
The eNodeB delivers B1
measurement
configuration to the UE
The UE sends measurement
reports to the eNodeB
No
Is PS handover enabled?
Yes
Does the UE support No
PS HO?
Yes
PS HO based CSFB
CCO/NACC Switch=ON ? No
Flash CSFB Switch=ON ?
No
Yes
No
Does the UE support PS HO?
Yes
CCO/NACC based CSFB
The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No

with SIB & eNodB has stored
target cells SI ?
Redirection
Flash CSFB
based CSFB
Page144
Execution Phase - CSFB to UTRAN

Star
indicator from MME
Yes
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS
witch is enabled ?
No
No
Does the UE support B1

measurement ?
Yes
The eNodeB delivers B1
measurement
configuration to the UE
The UE sends measurement
reports to the eNodeB
No
Is PS handover enabled?
Yes
Does the UE support No
PS HO?
Yes
PS HO based CSFB
Flash CSFB Switch=ON ?
No
The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No

with SIB & eNodB has stored
target cells SI ?
Redirection
Flash CSFB
based CSFB
Page145
Flash CSFB (Redirection Based on R9)
GSM/UMTS
Core
SGSN
LTE Core
eNodeB requires exchange

information between E-UTRAN
MME
RIM Response
To support Flash CS Fallback,
RIM Request
and GERAN/UTRAN through
the core networks.
Saving 1s for UMTS compare

with R8 CSFB
UTRAN/GERAN
EUTRAN
Saving 2s for GSM compare

with R8 CSFB
Page146
RIM Configuration
Contents
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page148
Mechanisms of CSFB
Mechanism
Supported
RAT
Impact on
Network
CS Access
Delay
Based on PS
handover
UTRAN/GERA
N
Complex
Short
Based on
Redirection
UTRAN/GERA
N/CDMA2000
Simple
Long
Flash CSFB
(Redirection with
RIM)
UTRAN/GERA
N
Medium
Short
CSFB based on
CCO/NACC
GERAN
Medium
Medium
Page149
Combined EPS/IMSI Attach Procedure
Page150
Contents
2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN
2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page152
CSFB to UTRAN
Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the

following mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to
perform CSFB to UTRAN
CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC(Mobile-Originated

Calls)
Flash CS Fallback
CSFB based on PS handover for MOC(Mobile-Originated

Calls)
CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC (Mobile-Terminated

Calls)
(Flash)CSFB to UTRAN based on PS

Redirection for MOC
UE
eNodeB
RNC
MME
MSC
SGSN
1.Extended Service Request

(containing a CS Fallback Indicator)
2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
S1-AP Reponse Message
3.Optional measurement report
with UTRAN frequency
For flash CSFB: RRC Connection

Release with UTRAN
frequency/cell IDs/cell system
information
S1 UE context release
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
6.CS call establishment procedure
Page154
S1 Message Tracing
Page155
CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC
PS redirection and
PS handover are
the same for MTO.
Page159
CSFB to UTRAN based on PS HO for

MOC
UE
eNodeB
RNC
MME
MSC
SGSN
1. Extended Service Request

2. S1-AP Message
S1-AP Response Message
3. Optional measurement report
The eNodeB selects a fallback

mechanism and a target cell
using the CSFB algorithm. For
details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB
at the eNodeB.
4. PS handover preparation phase

PS handover
procedure
Handover Command
Handover
Command
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU

6.PS handover execution phase
Page160
Contents
2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN
2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page161
CSFB to GERAN
Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the following

mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to perform CSFB to
GERAN
CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC
Flash CSFB (New introduced in eRAN3.0)
CSFB based on PS handover for MOC
CSFB based on CCO/NACC for MOC
CCO is short for cell change order
NACC is short for network assistant cell change
CSFB to GERAN Procedure for MTC is the same to that of CSFB to

UTRAN
(Flash)CSFB to GERAN based on PS

Redirection for MOC
UE
eNodeB
BSC
MME
MSC
SGSN

2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator
S1-AP Reponse Message
4. RRC Connection Release with
GERAN frequency group
For flash CSFB: RRC Connection

Release with UTRAN
frequency/PCIs/cell system
information
S1 UE context release
5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU
Completely similar with

that of (Flash)CSFB to
UTRAN except the points
in italic and red with
underline
6. Suspend
Page163
CSFB to GERAN based on PS HO for

MOC
UE
eNodeB
BSC
MME
MSC
SGSN
SGW
PGW
1. Extended Service Request

2. S1-AP Message
3. Optional measurement report
The eNodeB selects a fallback

mechanism and a target cell
using the CSFB algorithm. For
details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB
at the eNodeB.
4. PS handover preparation phase
PS
handover
procedure
Handover Command
Handover
Command
4b. Suspend
Update
Bearers
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU

6.PS handover execution phase
Page164
CSFB Based on CCO/NACC(GERAN)

UE
eNodeB
BSC
MME
MSC

2.S1-AP Message
4. MobilityFromEUTRACommand
(CCO optionally with NACC)
5.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU

6.Suspend
8. S1 UE context release
Page165
SGSN
Contents
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page166
LTE GSM/UMTS SRVCC Flow
Page167
Summary
GUL Interoperability procedure
GUL Interoperability scenarios
GUL Interoperability algorithm principles and data

configuration related
Page169
Appendix 1: Subscriber Identity Mapping
The mappings are described briefly as follows slides.
For the details on the mappings between the Globally

Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI), RAI, PTMSI, and PTMSI
signature when the UE performs GUL interworking, see
sections 2.8.2.1 and 2.8.2.1 of 3GPP TS23.003.
Page170
Appendix 1: Mapping from a GUTI to an

RAI, and P-TMSI Signature
GUTI-to-RAI mappings
RAI Component
Mapping Data Source
MCC
MCC in the GUTI
MNC
MNC in the GUTI
LAC
MME Group ID
RAC
MME Code
GUTI-to-P-TMSI mappings
P-TMSI Component
31 to 30
Bits 29 to 24
Bits 23 to 16
Bits 15 to 0
P-TMSI Signature
Mapping Data Source

11
Bits 29 to the M-TMSI
MME CODE
Page171
Appendix 1: Mapping from P-TMSI/RAI to

GUTI
Mapping of P-TMSI/RAI to GUTI
GUTI Component
MCC
MNC
MME Group ID
Mapping Data Source

MCC in the RAI
MNC in the RAI
LAC in the RAI
Bits 23 to 16 of the P-TMSI, namely higher-order
MME Code
8 bits of the NRI
M-TMSI (bits 31 to 30) 11
M-TMSI (bits 29 to 24) Bits 29 to the P-TMSI
M-TMSI (bits 23 to 16) RAC in the RAI
M-TMSI (bits 15 to 0) Bits 15 to the P-TMSI
Page172
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LTE Interoperability

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1.2 Measurement Configuration

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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mobility Management Overview in Connection

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Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neighbor Relationship Management Overview

Neighbor relationships define the relationships between the

Neighbor relationships are planned in the network design stage.

There are three types of neighboring cells

The Max Number of Ncell

The Max Number of Nfrequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Priority of the Neighboring Cell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The MME may inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

indicates whether the

1.2 Measurement Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HO Measurement Configuration Overview

After a UE establishes a radio bearer, the eNodeB delivers the

The measurement configuration consists of

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration

Trace from eNodeB

The Measurement Configuration for Inter-RAT

For inter- RAT HO, the measurement configuration includes:

Inter-RAT measurement object: UTRAN or GERAN

Inter-RAT handover thresholds

Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN

Maximum number of cells to be reported

Interval between reports

The number of periodic measurement reports

Measurement quantity configuration

Measurement gap configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-RAT Measurement Object Overview

Measurement objects are the objects that UEs measure. Measurement

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-RAT Measurement Object Parameters

Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency EUTRAN cell

Indicates the measurement bandwidth for

Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency

Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same

Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Inter-RAT

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UTRAN Measurement Object

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

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GERAN Measurement Object

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

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Tracing Case Measurement Object

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Reporting configurations consist of the parameters related

RRC Connection Reconfiguration