UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY

TO DRIVE A DC MOTOR

Presented By
 INTRODUCTION

ØSOLAR ENERGY IS NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE

OF ENERGY
ØTO GENERATE ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY FROM
SUNLIGHT BY PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION
ØSOLAR PANEL COMPRISES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC
CELLS
ØOUTPUT IS PROPORTIONAL TO AMOUNT OF
ENEGY INCIDENT
 OBJECTIVES

1. CONTROLLING
2. GLOBAL USER INTERFACE
3. REDUCING HARDWARE

 CONTROLLING
 Variation in speed over a wide range is possible. So,
there is flexibility in controlling. The user can change the
speed of DC motor to the desired speed depending upon
the application.

 GLOBAL USER INTERFACE
 Some products are designed in a closed loop manner,
which can only be understood by the manufacturers,
others cannot easily understand it. If any problem
occurs to those products, only manufacturer can rectify
it, and they are designed to operate in only some specific
areas in the world.

 Global User Interface (GUI) and the process can be easily
understood by other people if they know some basic
concepts regarding microcontroller programming.
 REDUCING THE HARDWARE
 All these operations can be performed using 555 timer. But
it needs some extra components such as three comparators
and some I/O ports. It increases the complexity of the
hardware. So, in order to reduce the complexity of the
hardware and increase the reliability of the system, we
employed 8051 interfacing device.

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

INTELLIGENT TACHO
GENERATOR DC
CHARGER
MOTOR

SOLAR MOSFET
PANEL
BATTERY DRIVER
EEPROM
FEED BACK

MICRO
CONTROLLER LCD DISPLAY

LOGIC KEYBOAR
PC SERIAL BOARD D
INTERFACE
 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The electrical energy produced by the solar panel is

stored in the battery through an intelligent charger,
and this stored energy is used to drive the system.
This intelligent charger has two modes:
 Trickle charging mode
 Boost charging mode
The output of the battery is fed to dc motor through
MOSFET driver, which acts as buffer amplifier. DC
motor converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.

 SOLAR ENERGY –AN OVERVIEW

Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced

directly by the sun and collected elsewhere,
normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy
through a thermonuclear process that converts
about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium
every second.
Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are
required to have a functional solar energy generator.
These two components are a collector and a storage
unit.
 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

Solar cells are typically combined into modules that

hold about 40 cells; about 10 of these modules are
mounted in PV arrays that can measure up to
several meters on a side.
About 10 to 20 PV arrays can provide enough power
for a household; for large electric utility or industrial
applications, hundreds of arrays can be
interconnected to form a single, large PV system.

CHARGER SCHEMATIC
 SPECIFICATIONS

Nominal battery voltage: 12V

Maximum solar panel current: 6 Amps
Maximum load current: 6 Amps, more with an
external solid-state relay
Nighttime battery drain current: approximately 10
micro-amps

 CONTROLLER THEORIES

Charge controller theory

Low Voltage Disconnect Theory
Alignments
 DC MOTOR
 The direct current (DC) motor is one of the first machines
devised to convert electrical power into mechanical power.


 The main parts of the DC motor are:



 1.Magnetic frame or yoke

 2.Pole cores and Pole shoes
 3.Field coils
 4.Armature core
 5.Armature windings
 6.Commutator
 7.Brushes

 MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

Motor speed control; there are 3 methods

1.Armature voltage control method
2.Field flux control
3.Armature resistance control.
 N=k (V-IaRa)/(flux)
By varying the duty ratio we can get variable voltage.
There are two methods to vary the duty ratio:
Constant frequency
Variable frequency

 MICROCONTROLLER
 The pin configurations, and architecture for a 8051 micro controller is

 Pin Configurations

 Total pins : 40
 Address pins : 16
 Data pins :8
 Interrupt pins :2
 I/O pins : 32

 Architecture

 8-bit registers : 34
 16-bit registers :2
 Stack size : 128
 Internal ROM : 4K
 Internal RAM : 128
 External memory : 128K
 Flags :4
 Timers :2
 Parallel port :4
 Serial port :1
 SOME HARDWARE DETAILS

SOLAR PANEL
TACHO ENCODER WHEEL





EEPROM
 CONCLUSION

Finally I Like to conclude that by utilising solar energy

conversion techniques the shortage of electricity
problems can be overcome to some extent.In this
course of study our paper“ Utilization of Solar
Energy to drive a DC Motor and its speed control
by Micro controller based PWM technique” is an
attempt to study how to utilize solar energy for
working of a DC motor and at the same time
controlling its speed by PWM technique.

T H A N K YO U