Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Bhupinderjit Singh
Agenda
GSM Networks RF Optimization , Related Stats and
Parameters
DAY 1 - 27th July
Network Performance related stats.
Network Performance related parameters.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Overview
During Optimization all activities go Hand in Hand, just
like a jigsaw puzzle until all pieces fit together you wont get
the desired picture.
Drive
Test
STATS
Physical Activities
Paramet
ers
Physical PARAMETERS
activities
Drive Tests
Stats
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Monitor
network
KPIs
Implement
Changes
Analyze data
Yes
QOS Targets
Met?
No
Identify
problems
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Optimisation Process
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INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
PERFORMANCE STATS
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Performance Statistics
ALLOC_SDCCH
ALLOC_SDCCH_FAIL
ALLOC_TCH
ALLOC_TCH_FAIL
AVAILABLE_SDCCH
AVAILABLE_TCH
BUSY_SDCCH
BUSY_TCH
C_SETUP_SUCCESS_RATE
C_SETUP_TCH_BLOCKIN_RATE
C_SUCCESS_RATE
C_VOLUME
CHAN_REQ_CAUSE_ATMPT
CHAN_REQ_MS_BLK
CHAN_REQ_MS_FAIL
RF loss on TCH
RF loss on SDCCH
HANDOVERS_PER_C (H)
CONGEST_EXIST_HO_ATMPT
CONN_REFUSED
CONN_REQ_TO_MSC
HANDOVER_FAILURE_RATE
HANDOVER_SUCCESS_RATE
TCH_RF_LOSS_RATE
SDCCH_BLOCKING_RATE
MAX_TCH_BUSY
PAGE_REQ_FROM_MSC
PAGE_RESPONSE
PAGING_SUCCESS_RATE
TCH_BLOCKING_RATE
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Performance Statistics
Att_U/L_qual
Att_D/L_qual
SDCCH_RF_LOSS_RATE
TCH_BLOCKING_RATE
TCH_MEAN_HOLDING_TIME
TCH_TRAFFIC_CARRIED
CHAN_REQ_MS_FAIL_ROLL
MA_FAIL_FROM_MS
DROP_CALL_RATE
Carrier Statistics
IOI (mean/max/min)
BER (u/l & d/l)
PATH_BALANCE
RF_LOSSES (Carrier wise)
ROC (Range of Carrier)
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Performance Statistics
Neighbor Stats
OUT_HO_NC_CAUSE_ATMPT.
UPQUAL
Handovers due to uplink quality.
UPLEVEL
Handovers due to uplink level.
DOWNQUAL
Handovers due to downlink quality.
DOWNLEVEL
Handovers due to downlink level.
DISTANCE
Handovers due to distance.
UPINTERF
Handovers due to uplink interference.
DOWNINTERF
Handovers due to downlink interference.
POWERBDGT
Handovers due to power budget.
CONGESTION
Handovers due to congestion.
ADJ_CHAN_INTF
Handovers due to adjacent channel interference.
OUT_HO_NC_SUCC
IN_INTRA_BSS_NC_ATMPT
IN_INTRA_BSS_NC_SUC
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NETWORK PERFORMANCE
RELATED PARAMETERS
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1) Rolling averages.
2) Cell selection/reselection parameters.
3) Power Control
4) Handovers
5) Case Study ( Effect of Qual. Handovers)
6) Radio Link Loss
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ROLLING AVERAGES
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MS Measurement Cycle
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
* for GSM900/EGSM/GSM850
2 = 39 dBm
* GSM1800/PCS1900
0 = 30 dBm
1 = 28 dBm
2 = 26 dBm
.
19 = 5 dBm
.
.
15 = 0 dBm
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Cell Selection/Reselection
C1: = (A Max (B, 0))
A: = (Rxlev Average p1)
B: = p2 Max RF Power of MS
p1 = rxlev_access_min = <*>
* 0 = -110 dBm
1 = -109 dBm
2 = -108 dBm
.
.
.
63 = -47 dBm
p2 = ms_txpwr_max_cch = <*>
* for GSM900
2 = 39 dBm
3 = 37 dBm
.
.
19 = 5 dBm
For DCS1800
0 = 30 dBm
1 = 28 dBm
.
.
15 = 0 dBm
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Cell Reselection C2
C2 = C1 + cell_reselect_offset - temporary_offset*H
H = 0 if T > penalty_time
cell_reselect_offset = <*>
H = 1 if T penalty_time
0 = 0 dB
1 = 2 dB
C2 = C1 cell_reselect_offset
(for penalty_time = 31)
2 = 4 dB
.
.
cell_reselect_param_ind = <*>
63 = 126 dB
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Cell Reselection C2
C2 = C1 + cell_reselect_offset - temporary_offset*H
H = 0 if T > penalty_time
penalty_time = <*>
H = 1 if T penalty_time
C2 = C1 cell_reselect_offset
(for penalty_time = 31)
temporary_offset = <*>
* Integer code for 10s of dBs offset
0 = 0 sec
1 = 20 sec
.
.
.
0 = 0 dB
30 = 620 sec
1 = 10 dB
31 = Temporary_offset ignored,
cell_reselect_offset is negative
2 = 20 dB
3 = 30 dB
.
cell_bar_qualify = <*>
.
.
0 - Normal
7 = infinity
1 - Low
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Rxlev Average
Serving = -70 dBm
Best neighbour = -63 dBm
cell_reselect_hysteresis = 2
Mobile power class = 2 (8w 39 dBm)
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Channel Reconfiguration
channel_reconfiguration_switch = <*>
* 0 = Reconfiguration not permitted
1 = Reconfiguration permitted
number_sdcchs_preferred = <*>
* Number of SDCCHs
Combined Multiframe 4, 12, 20, 28 44
Non-combined Multiframe 8, 16, 24 48
max_number_of_sdcchs = <*>
* Number of SDCCHs
Combined Multiframe 4, 12, 20, 28 44
Non-combined Multiframe 8, 16, 24 48
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SDCCH Reconfiguration
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Carrier 2
Carrier 1
TS1
TS2
TS1
TS2
reconfiguration
not started
Max no SDCCH = 24
SDCCH preferred = 16
ccch_conf = 0
trigger reconfiguration
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Carrier 1
TS1
TS2
TS1
TS2
SDCCH preferred = 16
Max no SDCCH = 24
Trigger reconfiguration
ccch_conf = 0
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POWER CONTROL
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MS Measurements
SERVER
NBRS
Idle Mode
BSIC
BCCH
-----30sec
30sec
5min
Dedicated Mode
BSIC
BCCH
------------10sec
-------
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Quality Measurements
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Decision_alg_number = 1
INCREASE
RxQual > l_rxqual_ul_p
&
RxLev > u_rxlev_ul_p
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Timing ...
p_con_interval
Command Acknowledged
decision_alg_number = 0
p_con_interval
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Timing ...
p_con_interval
Command Acknowledged
decision_alg_number = 1
p_con_ack
p_con_interval
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Timing ...
decision_alg_number = 1
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HREQAVE = 4
HREQT = 1
Timing ...
-75
-73
-68
-62
-61
PC initiated
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UL RxLev
u_rxlev_dl_p = 35
u_rxlev_ul_p = 30
-80
dBm
-90
dBm
hreqave = 2
hreqt = 2
l_rxlev_ul_p = 20
-75
n1 = 2 dBm
p1 = 1
-85
n2 = 2 dBm
1
3
DL RxQual
4 n3 = 2
p3 = 1
l_rxqual_ul_p = 114
l_rxqual_ul_p_hopping = 450
l_rxlev_dl_p = 25
2 p2 = 2
UL RxQual
u_rxqual_ul_p = 40
hreqave = 2
hreqt = 2
n4 = 2
2 p4 = 2
1
3
u_rxqual_dl_p = 40
l_rxqual_dl_p = 114
l_rxqual_dl_p_hopping = 450
hreqave = 2 ; hreqt = 2
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2,4,6,8,10
,12,14 dB
pow_inc_step_size
pow_inc_step_size_ul
pow_inc_step_size_dl
2,4dB
pow_red_step_size
pow_red_step_size_ul
pow_red_step_size_dl
* The increment step size must be >= the decrement step size
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u_rxlev_dl_p = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
Comparison
decision_1_n1 = <*>
decision_1_p1 = <*>
decision_1_n2 = <*>
decision_1_p2 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n1, p1 = power increase
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max_tx_bts = <*>
* 21 steps of 2 dBs of attenuation from 43 dBm
in GSM900/EGSM/GSM850, or 39 dBm in
the case of DCS1800
* 6 steps of 2 dBs for M-Cellmicro, Horizonoffice
Horizonmicro
bts_p_con_ack = <*>
0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
2 = 4 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 2
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Power Control - MS
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Power Control - MS
Threshold
l_rxlev_ul_p = <*>
u_rxlev_ul_p = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
Comparison
decision_1_n1 = <*>
decision_1_p1 = <*>
decision_1_n2 = <*>
decision_1_p2 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n1, p1 = power increase
n2, p2 = power decrease
p out of n averages must exceed threshold
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MS Power Control
decision_alg_type = <*>
ms_p_con_ack = <*>
* 0 Motorola alg
* 0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 Alternate alg
Default = 0
1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
ms_power_control_allowed = <*>
ms_p_con_interval = <*>
* 0 = 0 SACCH multiframes
1 = 2 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 2
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 2
pow_inc_step_size_ul
2 = 2 dB, 4 = 4 dB . . . . . . 12 = 12 dB, 14 = 14 dB
Default = 2
pow_red_step_size_ul
2 = 2 dB, 4 = 4 dB
Default = 2
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alt_qual_proc
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
dyn_step_adj_fmpr = <*>
Used to control the rapidity of a dynamic power reduction
* 0 10 (default 10)
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
DYN_POW_INCR_XX_Q =
max (pow_inc_step_size_xx, fhigh (l_rxlev_xx_p av_rxlev_xx +
pow_inc_step_size_xx)
Where:
fhigh = an indication of the rounding up of a
value to the nearest multiple of 2 dB
xx = UL/DL
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If current power is below lower power threshold, dynamic step size will increase power to a
standard step size above the lower power threshold. Otherwise dynamic step size will be by
the standard step size.
e.g. If poor rxqual AND power level is below lower power threshold...
Power level
u_rxlev_ul_p
Power
Window
Dynamic
step size
l_rxlev_ul_p
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DYN_POW_RED_XX_L =
fhigh (av_rxlev_xx u_rxlev_xx_p + pow_red_step_size_xx)
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dyn_step_adj_fmpr
10
Where:
Flow = an indication of the rounding down of a
value to the nearest multiple of 2 dB
xx = UL/DL
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Dynamic
step size 100%
Power level
current_rxlev_ul
Dynamic
step size 50%
Power
Window
l_rxlev_ul_p
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Power level
Is current_rxlev_dl
less than this level??
u_rxlev_dl_p
Standard step size
pow_red_step_size_dl
l_rxlev_dl_p
2dB
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HANDOVERS
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Handover Procedure
Purpose is to completely modify the channel allocated to the MS and is only used when
in RR connected mode i.e. cell changed, change in channel configuration
The handover procedure is always initiated from the network
Suspension of normal operation except for RR management (layer 3)
Disconnection of main signalling link and other links via local end release (layer 2) and
disconnection of TCHs, if any
Disconnection and deactivation of previously assigned chans. and their release (layer1)
Activation of new channels, and their connection
Triggering of the establishment of data link connection for SAPI=0 on the new
channels
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Successful Handover
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Handover Command
Characteristics of new channels and exact ACCH channel to be used
Characteristics of new cell, necessary for communication i.e. arfcn, ncc, bcc
Indication of physical channel establishment procedure with channel details e.g. type,
timeslot, TSC, frequency and if hopping MAIO, HSN
Power command and handover reference (access id)
Optionally timing advance, cipher mode setting
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Handover Command
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HANDOVER ACCESS
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HANDOVER COMPLETE
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First Criterion
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Second Criterion
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Evaluate criterion 2
for all neighbours
passing criteria 1
where : Pa = ms_txpwr_max(n) - P
P = max power of mobile
PBGT(n) Ho_margin
Execute the
appropriate
Motorola handover
procedure
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RxQual
Thresholds
for Hopping
Hopping
Call ?
No
RxQual
Thresholds
for NonHopping
HANDOVER &
POWER
CONTROL
PROCESSES
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Power Control due
to Level
Down
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
HO
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pcUL RxQual
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
UL Interference
HO
-surround_cell
decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
HO
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pcDL RxQual
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
DL Interference
HO
-surround_cell
decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Power Control due
to Level
Down
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
UL decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
RxLev HO
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pc
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
-surround_cell decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Power Control due
to Level
Down
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
DL decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
RxLev HO
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pc
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
-surround_cell decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
decision_1_n8 = <*>
decision_1_p8 = <*>
* 0 31 Averages
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
.
.
.
31 = 62 SACCH multiframes
Default = 4
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Power Control due
to Level
Down
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
Distance HO
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
-surround_cell decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Uplink Consideration
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Activity
Quality Handover
Link
Up
Down
Enable
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed
Averaging
rxqual_ul_ho
rxqual_dl_ho
Decision
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_h
Threshold
l_rxqual_ul_h
l_rxqual_dl_h
Voting
P6, N6
P6, N6
Level Handover
Up
Down
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_h
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_h
l_rxlev_ul_h
l_rxlev_dl_h
P5, N5
P5, N5
Interference
Handover
Up
Down
interfer_ho_allowed
interfer_ho_allowed
rxlev_ul_ho
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_ih
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_ih
u_rxlev_ul_ih
u_rxlev_dl_ih
P7, N7
P7, N7
ms_distance_allowed
rel_tim_adv
decision_1_tim_adv_av_alg
ms_max_range
P8, N8
Distance Handover
Power Budget
Handover
--
Source
pwr_handover_allowed
Neighbor
Up
Power Control due
to Level
Down
Up
Down
Criteria 1
--
Criteria 2
--
rxlev_dl_ho
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
surround_cell/p
er neighbor
l_rxlev_ul_p
u_rxlev_ul_p
l_rxlev_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxlev_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxlev_av_p
u_rxlev_dl_p
l_rxqual_ul_p
ms_power_control_allowed rxqual_ul_pc
decision_1_ul_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_ul_p
PBGT HO
l_rxqual_dl_p
bts_power_control_allowed rxqual_dl_pc
decision_1_dl_rxqual_av_p
u_rxqual_dl_p
-surround_cell decision_1_ncell_rxlev_av_calc
-ms_power_control_allowed rxlev_ul_pc
--
rxlev_dl_ho
surround_cell
decision_1_ul_rxlev_av_p
decision_1_pbgt_rxlev_av_h
--
handover_margin
P1, N1
(increase)
P2, N2
(decrease)
P3, N3
(increase)
P4, N4
(decrease)
--
--
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
--
Notes
Used by
interference
handover as
well
-Relevant
quality
handover must
trigger first
Uplink only
No voting as
lastest hreqt
used
--
--
---
Bounce Protection
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Intra-cell Handovers
intra_cell_handover_allowed = <*>
* 0 Not performed by BSS
1 Performed by BSS if applicable
2 Not permitted
Default = 1
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Intra-Cell Handovers
intra_cell_handover_allowed
0: Not performed by BSS (controlled by the MSC). Handover required message may contain
server as potential candidate along with other targets
1: Performed by BSS if applicable. Intra-cell HO may be attempted only if ho_recognised
message specifies cause value quality or interference
Cause quality intra-cell attempt only if other targets are exhausted
Cause interference intra-cell first, if fails try other targets
2: Not permitted
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Intra-cell Handovers
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handovers Allowed
ul_rxqual_ho_allowed = <*>
dl_rxqual_ho_allowed = <*>
ul_rxlev_ho_allowed = <*>
dl_rxlev_ho_allowed = <*>
* 0 - disabled
1 - enabled
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
l_rxlev_ul_h = <*>
l_rxlev_dl_h = <*>
* Range 0 63 (-110 to -47 dBm)
l_rxqual_ul_h = <*>
l_rxqual_dl_h = <*>
* 0 1810 steps of 0.01%
Comparison
decision_1_n5 = <*>
decision_1_p5 = <*>
decision_1_n6 = <*>
decision_1_p6 = <*>
* 1 31 Averages
n5, p5 = RXLEV
n6, p6 = RXQUAL
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Considering a hopping carrier , the window for power control based on RX qual should be set
between 0 5 and for the Qual based handover this should be set at 6 , since in hopping case the
perceived voice becomes unacceptable if the RxQual remains 6 continuously.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
CASE STUDY
QUALITY HANDOVERS
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Incoming Handovers
en_incom_ho = <*>
* 0 incoming handovers are inhibited
1 incoming handovers are allowed
Default 1
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Reporting
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Evaluating
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Handover Rejection
Handover_required_reject_switch
1: BSS expects to receive a "handover required reject" message from the MSC. Any
internal cells that are candidates for the handover will not be included in the
"Handover Required" message. On receipt of the "Handover Required Reject"
message the BSS will perform an internal handover if there are valid candidates.
0: BSS will not expect to receive a "Handover Required Reject" message from the
switch and will include internal candidates in the "HO Required" message.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
* = GSM900/GSM850
2 39 dBm
1 28 dBm
2 26 dBm
19 5 dBm
.
15 0 dBm
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Default = 15 (-95dBm)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
rr_t3103
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
rr 3105 start
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
rr_t3105 = <*>
* 0 to 200 (in 20 ms steps)
Default 60
rr_ny1_rep = <*>
* number of repetitions
0 to 200
Default 20
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Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
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link_fail = <*>
* 0 = 4 SACCH multiframes
1 = 8 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
15 = 64 SACCH multiframes
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radio_link_timeout = <*>
* 0 = 4 SACCH multiframes
1 = 8 SACCH multiframes
.
.
.
15 = 64 SACCH multiframes
Default = 4 (20 SACCH multiframes)
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DL / UL
The full_pwr_rfloss field enables or disables the ability of the RSS to instruct the
MS and BSS to use maximum power when loss of radio resource is detected.
Triggered when link_fail counter reaches the threshold of link_about to_fail.
link_fail
link_about_to_fail
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Link Failure
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KPIs
For Optimizing a Network , we need to maintain the following KPIs :
ASSIGNMENT RATE (Call Setup Success Rate)
SDCCH ASSIGNMENT
TCH ASSIGNMENT
CONGESTION
SDCCH CONGESTION
TCH CONGESTION
DROP RATES
SDCCH DROP RATE
TCH DROP RATE
HANDOVER PERFORMANCE
HANDOVER FAILURE RATE
HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE
QUALITY
DOWNLINK QUALITY
UPLINK QUALITY
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Assignment Rate
Assignment rate is the measure of how efficient and successful is a Network in
allocating the resources.
We need to monitor & maintain the following two assignment rate :
Possible Causes:
Interference.
Link Balance.
Congestion.
Access failure.
Hardware.
Others.
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Call Establishment
pch_q_page_discard
access_per_pch
if timer
expires
inv_est_cause_on_rach
pch_agch_q_length
chan_req_ms_fail
C
R
alloc_sd_fail
ok_acc_proc:
page_req_from_msc_fail
chan_req_cause_atmpt:
0: originating_call
1: emergency_call
2: cm_reestablishment
3: location_updating
4: paging_response
CC
conn_refused
if timer
expires
chan_req_ms_blk
page_req_ms_fail
CONNECTION
ESTABLISHED
CREF
page_req_from_msc
MSC
conn_req_to_msc
ms_access_by_type 0..7
ok_acc_proc 0..7
timer
sdcch_cong
- busy_sdcch+1
- ber/path_balance
- sdcch_congestion timer start
(if last sdcch was assigned)
rr_t3101
access_per_agch
alloc_sdcch
chan_req_cause_atmpt 0..4
MS
ok_acc_proc_suc_rach
access_per_rach
sms_init_on_sdcch
0: cm_serv_req_emerg
1: cm_serv_req_call
2: cm_serv_req_sms
3: cm_serv_req_supp
4: cm_reestablish
5: page_response
6: imsi_detach
7: location_updated
CONNECTION
REFUSED
ms_access_by_type:
0: ms_pgsm_only
1: ms_dcs1800_only
2: ms_pcs1900_only
3: ms_pgsm_egsm
4: ms_pgsm_dcs1800
5: ms_pgsm_egsm_dcs1800
6: ms_pgsm_pcs1900
7: ms_pgsm_egsm_pcs1900
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Call Establishment 2
The following statistics are pegged here:
- total_calls
- zone_change_atmpt:
tch_assign_to_inner_zone (Bin 3)
ma_complete_to_msc
- alloc_tch
- zone_change_atmpt:
tch_assign_to_inner_zone (Bin 3)
- busy_sdcch-1
- sdcch_congestion
timer stop if running
CONNECTION
ESTABLISHED
ma_cmd_to_ms
- tch_usage/ms_access_by_type
- ms_tch_usage_by_type/tch_usage_ext_range/tch_usage_inner_zone
- busy_tch+1
- ber/path_balance
- chan_dl_tx_pwr_lvl/chan_ul_tx_pwr_lvl/uplink_path_loss
- tch_congestion/tch_cong_inner_zone (if all tchs are now used)
ma_fail_from_ms
ma_req_from_msc
clr_req_to_msc
(= lost calls)
- busy_tch-1
- tch_usage/ms_access_by_type
- tch_congestion timer stop if running
ma_cmd_to_ms_blkd
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6. SD RF losses
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HO Loss Rate
GOOD
BAD
CONN Refused
SD RF Loss
TCH Blocking
Inter-BSS HO Loss
Intra-BSS HO Loss
Intra-cell HO Loss
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Connection
Paging overflow
causing discard
Missing
Pages
Not enough
access grant
block reserved
SDCCH
Call Setup
Success
Block
SDCCH Access
Failure
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Hardware problem.
Check per carrier
chan_req_ms_fail
and alarm
Overshooting
A hardware failure may have occurred if a BSS has timed out before allowing an MS to establish a
call (when SDCCH resources are available for an immediate TCH assignment).
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3212 : Timer is used for periodic location updates, this timer can be
very helpful for controlling higher no.of location updates at border
sites hence utilization of SDs can be normalized.
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SDCCH RF Loss
TCH Block
Improper setting on
ms_txpwr_max_cch &
ms_txpwr_max_def
Call Clearing Timer
t3109<<radio_link_timeout,
this causes unclear call
generating UL interference
Coverage Hole
Hardware problem.
Check per carrier
chan_req_ms_fail and
alarm
MSC send
CONNECTION
REFUSED
Overshooting
CM Service Abort
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bs_pa_mf
rms
Paging Group
Period (ms)
Mean Paging
Delay (ms)
Paging delay in
Seconds
Relative
Battery Life
(Idle Mode)
470
235
0.24
1.0
705
353
0.35
1.4
1,175
588
0.59
1.9
1,410
705
0.71
2.1
1,645
823
0.82
2.3
1,880
940
0.94
2.5
2,115
1,058
1.06
2.6
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SDCCH Blocking
High SDCCH
Blocking
BUSY_SD_MAX =
Equipped
SDs
Find Faulty TS
from BER
statistics or
alarm
NO
YES
YES
NO
lot of OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN
& OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN
Check neighbor
IN_INTRA_BSS_H
O_RETURN &
IN_INTER_BSS_H
O_SEIZE, if
high, check
neighbor FP.
YES
NO
Lot
of
Location
Update
YES
Neighbor TX power
reduced
is
Neighbor BCCH is
interfered, its BSIC
can't be decoded
Missing Neighbor or
Incorrect neighbor
database
Overshooting
NUMBER_SDCCH_PREFERRED
not enough
is
Inappropriate
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C1,
C2
Timer rr_t3101
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TCH Blocking
High
TCH
Blocking
BUSY_TCH_MAX =
TCHs Equipped
Neighbor TX power is
reduced
NO
Find Faulty TS
from BER
statistics or
alarm
Neighbors' BCCH
Interfered, BSIC can't be
decoded
Overshooting
- Enable
POOR_INITIAL_ASSIGNMENT &
MS_MAX_RANGE
Inappropriate
directed
retry, congestion HO
setting: congest_ho_margin
Site Reconfiguration. If
BUSY_TCH_MAX - 8 >
Equipped TCH
Missing neighbor or
incorrect neighbor
database
YES
YES
Check neighbor
frequency plan
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RF loss rate
SDCHC & TCH RF Loss
A lot of OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN
& OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN
YES
Check neighbor
IN_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN &
IN_INTER_BSS_HO_SEIZE, if
high, check neighbor FP.
NO
OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_REQ OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_ATTEMPT
&
OUT_INTER_BSS_REQ_TO_MSC OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_ATTEMPT
are LARGE
YES
Find blocking
neighbors by
HO_NO_RESOURC
ES
NO
Neighbors' BCCH
interfered, BSIC
can't be decoded
Path Balance
> 120; <100
Delay Handover
External
Interference
e.g. Wideband
Repeator
Neighbor Cell
Outage
Negative handover
Use inappropriate
ARFCNs
GCLK Shift, no
handover to
adjacent sites
No handover
Missing neighbors
Incorrect external
neighbors
Coverage hole
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Handover Fails
HO
Failure
No
lot of OUT_INTRA_BSS_HO_RETURN
& OUT_INTER_BSS_HO_RETURN
HO
YES
Check neighbor
IN_INTRA_BSS_H
O_RETURN &
IN_INTER_BSS_H
O_SEIZE, if
high, check
neighbor FP.
HO
>
hreqt
Incorrect external
neighbor
Loss
For Ericsson MSC, if
the same LAC there
Poor
HDPC
setting
In
Small
rr_t3103
to
Small
handover_power_level
The handover number in Nokia MSC has been
used up, or an improper number of
available handover numbers is assigned. And
hence no inter-MSC handover is
possible.
Good qualified
neighbors have blocking
Late
Ho
Large
hreqave
Large
hreqt
HO_MARGIN
Improper setting of
handover_recognised
_period and bssmap_t7
Improper HO algorithm
(Type 1-7)
rr_t3103
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Neighbor analysis
Neighbour lists are difficult to keep up-to-date. Often neighbours are never deleted as
new cells are commissioned and cells which were previously neighbours should not be any
more.
Also, the difficulty in predicting cell coverage areas means that often mobiles are using
cells in non expected areas and hence no neighbours were planned.
By temporarily over-populating the neighbour list, all mobiles will report back all
neighbouring cells that they can detect, whether they are in the neighbour list or not. Any
neighbours that are found in this way could represent a missing neighbour. Each missing
neighbour represents a potential dropped call due to the absence of handover when
required. On the other hand, there could be neighbours with no reports that should be
deleted or neighbours found in the measurement reports that should not be reported.
Note :
One should overpopulate the Neighbor list for any new site in the Network. Once the
site is on Air for around 3-4 days , the per neighbor stats can be analyzed and corrective
measures like deleting , changing margins and even analyze overshoots can be taken care
of.
Also one should remember to delete the unnecessary Neighbors which sometimes
remain there even after new sites have been added in the Network. This can be done by
enabling the Neighbor stats for cells initially with >10 Neighbors and delete the
unnecessary neighbors.
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Neighbor analysis
Missing Neighbours
The problem of a cell having a missing neighbour could be mainly due to a
mistake in the neighbour list, or in either the planning or deletion processes.
First step is to get information directly from the stats or CAT tool about RF
losses per carrier or per cell. If a cell presents a high value for this statistic
(perhaps combined with a high rate of quality handovers and a high rate of
handover failure) a missing neighbour problem could be present.
Other way is by analysing the drivetest , during drive test one can very easily
identify the missing neighbor by correlating Neighbor list and Geographic
information.
CTP tool can also be utilised for the above purpose. In CTP adding dummy
neighbors and using CTP hot-spot neighbor analyses can help us to find the
strongest candidates which have not been added as the neighbor or are missed
during updating the neighbor database.
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Quality Issues
Quality
When a cell presents bad performance in the stats (drop call rate, handover
failure, etc.) it is necessary to analyse the quality on it. A good indicator for the
quality in one cell are the handover per cause stats. There, it can be found the
percentage of quality handovers that are being performed in the cell. The
handover per cause distribution could show (depending on the complexity of
the system) around 45-50% PBGT Ho and 20% uplink or downlink quality
handovers on average. Some systems could have better figures and others a little
bit worse, but the objective is to identify the cells that are far away from the
average values in the area under revision.
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Quality Handovers
Quality handovers should be very low in percentage w.r.t the other handovers .
Also These must be enabled.
Acceptable value of both combined is around 30-40% . Which means around
20% of U/L and 20% D/L handovers due to quality reasons.
One should not forget that quality though should be minimum but they must be
enabled in the network.
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Quality Imbalance
It is always useful to verify if the system is unbalanced in terms of quality, that
means it is more sensitive to bad quality in either the uplink or the downlink.
This indicates which side of the link must be paid more attention considering a
more aggressive power control, handover settings, link balance etc. It also
indicates if the network design is limited interference wise in the uplink or
downlink directions. In the figure below it is clearly seen that uplink is worse
than the downlink.
It is possible not to be affected by any interference or equipment problem but
handover speed problem. If there are too many reports above the quality
handover threshold an increase of handover speed could be needed .
If there are other neighbours providing better quality, the best thing is to
handover the calls to them quicker.
It could be that it was a coverage problem and nothing can be done but
improve it.
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Quality Imbalance
Bad U/L
where as D/L
is good
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Analysing CTP Trace Call-Distribution Analysis - Process Combined Current Data checking the
parameters RXQUAL_UP vs. NEIGHBOUR_MARGIN and RXQUAL_DOWN vs.
NEIGHBOUR_MARGIN, it should be checked if there is any strong neighbour to handover the calls to
when bad quality is observed. Then handover speed should be increased. It could be that it was a
coverage problem and nothing can be done but improve it. Anyway it can not be seen the relation among
{bad_quality-neighbour_margin-server_level} at the same time. In the graph below, it is drawn
RXQUAL_DOWN vs. NEIGHBOUR_MARGIN.
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COVERAGE OPTIMISATION
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Coverage Issues
Coverage holes: Places with no coverage or low level coverage, where there is no dominant
server are potential spots of bad quality. In an environment with tight reuse pattern, and hence
higher noise (interference) level, a clear dominant server cell needs to be identified everywhere.
This points need to be identified and new sites can be required to provide extra coverage.
Excessive Overlap: Cells covering an area bigger than the zone where they are dominant
and serving, are radiating useless power to areas where other cells are serving. When the same
frequencies are reused in all the sites (1x3 reuse) or even in all the cells (1x1 pattern), this
unnecessary overlap is directly translated into interference.
Cell Over-shooting: Particularly harmful are the situations where the signal of a cell reaches
areas far away from the site with high level, causing downlink interference, and receiving
uplink interference from mobiles far away. In the cases where the level is high enough to make
this cell be the server, mobiles transmit high power introducing very high uplink interference in
the surrounding cells.
Umbrella Cells: Some particular sites placed in high areas, hills, etc. in the fist stages of the
network evolution, to make big coverage areas have become umbrella cells as the network
density has increased. They are creating areas with total overlap between cells, and taking part
of the traffic that should be carried by lower and closer sites. The level of interference caused
by this kind of cells is very high, especially harmful in the uplink path because these cells
receive the signal from a big amount of mobiles
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Coverage optimisation
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Coverage optimisation
The objectives of this coverage adjustment plan are the following ones:
Reduce the global interference level in the system and permit tighter reuse
patterns.
Improve the in-building penetration, focusing the power radiated in a limited
and well-defined area. The coverage in these scenarios will improve at the same
time that the quality.
Avoid undesired over-shooting effects.
Balance the carried traffic between neighbour cells because the area to be
covered between them is divided with the same weight per cell.
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Coverage optimisation
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Coverage optimisation
Following activities can be carried out to meet the above targets :
Tilting down/up site antennas.
Height reduction/increase of the sites.
Power reduction/increase of the sites.
Parameter optimisation (handover margins/access parameters).
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Containment of Coverage
The choice of the highest point in an area for a cell site would most likely only work in lowdensity suburban or rural areas where the overall number of sites needed to meet subscriber
demands is small. Frequency reuse would not be necessary and these sites could be considered
as broadcast sites.
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Antenna Separation
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Antenna Separation
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Coverage Estimation
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Containment of Coverage
Antenna Downtilt :
By tilting the entire radiation pattern of a particular antenna, one can
conceivably control its coverage pattern within a specific area. Controlling the
beam path will allow the provider to focus the coverage area and, in some cases,
eliminate interference caused when the beam is allowed to propagate beyond its
desirable coverage area.
Downtilt can be achieved in two ways, through mechanical as well as electrical
downtilt.
Effects of these downtilts will be shown in the following slides.
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Mechanical Downtilt
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Mechanical Downtilt
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Electrical Downtilt
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Electrical downtilt
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Electrical downtilt
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Downtilt angle
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
INTERFERENCE
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Interference in GSM
Co-channel
Adjacent channel
External interference
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Any non-linear device such as the output stage of a transmitter, front end of a
receiver, dissimilar metal junctions in antennas and the tower itself (the rusty-bolt
effect) will generate inter-modulation products. If they fall in the transmit band of the
base station, they will interfere with the mobile receive and if they fall in the receive
band of the base station, they will interfere with signals transmitted by the mobile.
Towers located close by exacerbate receiver blocking.
Competitors towers located far away cause mobile blocking, the near-far problem.
Co-locations increase the likelihood of intermodulation products.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Measured Parameters
Attempted Calls
Dropped Calls
Blocked Calls
Handover Attempts
Successful HOs
Failed HOs
Best Server
Rxlev
Rxqual/FER/SQI
Neighbor Rxlev
TA
Tx Power
L3/L2 Messages
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
Call Control
Call Sequencing
Coercive Testing
Call Processing Stats
Phone Measurements
Idle mode
SACCH reports
Frequency Hopping info
Displays
Graphical
Tabular
Protocol Messaging
L3 / L2
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Phone Measurements
IDLE Mode
Serving Cell
1. ARFCN
2. Rxlev
3. Cell ID
4. BSIC
5. C1 & C2
LAI
1. MNC,MCC,LAC
Neighbor Cell
1. ARFCN
2. Rxlev
3. BSIC
4. C1 & C2
Dedicated Mode
Phone State
MTX
TA
Rxlev ( Full and Sub)
Rxqual ( Full and Sub)
FER
RLTC
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Undecoded BSIC
No Handover
Delay Handover
Ping Pong Handover
Overshooting
High Overlapping
No Dominant Server
Poor Coverage
Unreasonable Serving Area
Interference
Handover Failure
Handover Loss
Drop Call
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
No Handover (1)
Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded and COMMON handover requirement ( handover
margin and min rx level ) is fulfilled but there is never a handover
Reason:
Missing neighbor
No such neighbor in CM database
Incorrect external neighbor
Target cells LAC/BCCH/BSIC in add_neighbor is different from those in
equip_rtf
Never used OMC-R Proxy Cell to propagate external neighbor information
Improper setting of hreqt , hreqave , N & P.
Serving cell overshoots/covers too far away
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
No Handover (2)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
-59dBm
before
HO
-66dBm
after
HO
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
OverShooting (1)
Description:
Cell shoots at far distance but that location has closer cells around
Reason:
Overshooting cell has small downtilt, 0 degree!
Overshooting cell has too high altitude
Closer cells have overshooting as well
BSIC of closer cells cant be decoded
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
OverShooting (2)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
-65dBm
-65dBm
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
BCCH: 35
Cell ID:102
Cell ID:103
BCCH: 40
BCCH: 45
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Interference (1)
Description:
High rxlevel with poor rxquality
Reason:
Channel interference
Not using dominant server
No handover
Turn the corner with delay handover
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Interference (2)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
UL Drop (1)
Description:
BSS doesnt receive UL SACCH for link_fail times
BSS stops transmitting DL power
Reason:
External interference
Channel interference
Poor Path Balance
Hardware issue
Different propagation pattern Tx/Rx antennas.
Faulty ancillary. UL path loss >>> DL path loss
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
UL Drop (2)
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Utilizing MS Access
MS access can be utilised to build a daily analysis tool :
Import the cell stats daily basis
Import carrier stats at least weekly
Set threshold levels for each cell based on the past data.
Daily compare the threshold values for the cells.
Select around top 30 cells which are crossing thresholds , each for
separate causes. e.g High Tch drop rate , High Sd drop rate , Low total
calls , Poor HO succ rate , Low assignment rate
Following the above process around 150 worst performing cells will be
analyzed daily.
At least weekly do the Path Balance and High interference analysis and
take corrective measures as discussed
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Summary
Network Performance related stats.
Network Performance related parameters.
Power Control and Handovers.
KPI monitoring and flow charts to rectify KPI issues.
Coverage Optimization.
Interference.
Drive Test Analysis.
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
compass.mot.com
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.