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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented and
done in this Project Report ,has been carried out
in the Physics Laboratory during the presence of
Ms. Manju Ma'am.
The project submitted has entirely been done
and completed by me and my friend Shreenath
Rao under the guidance of Ms. Manju Maam.
Signature;-
Date:-
Acknowledgements
I, Atharva Tanksale would like to take up
this opportunity to thank the guidance
given to me by Ms. Manju Maam, for the
completion of this project. I would also like
to make use of this opportunity to thank
our Principal Ms. Kelkar Maam for
allowing me to use the Physics lab. Special
thanks to Shreenath Rao, my classmate
who assisted me in this project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) Acknowledgements
2) Introduction
3) Theory of the Experiment
4) Basics of the Wheatstone Bridge
5) Mathematics Of the Wheatstone Bridge
6) Materials Required
7) Procedure
8) Observations
9) Conclusion
10)Few Glimpses
11)Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Pure water does not conduct electricity, but any
solvated ionic species would contribute to
conduction of electricity.
An ionically conducting solution is called an
electrolyte solution and the compound, which
produces the ions as it dissolves, is called an
electrolyte
A strong electrolyte is a compound that will
completely dissociate into ions in water.
Correspondingly, a weak electrolyte dissolves only
partially. The conductivity of an electrolyte
solution depends on concentration of the ionic
species and behaves differently for strong and
weak electrolytes.
The Wheatstone
bridge is an electrical
bridge circuit used to
measure resistance.
It consists of a
common source of
electrical current
(such as a battery)
and a galvanometer
that connects two
parallel branches,
containing four
resistors, three of
which are known.
One parallel
branch contains
one known
resistance and
an unknown the
other parallel
branch contains
resistors of
known
resistances (R1
and R2).
Due to their
outstanding
sensitivity,
Wheatstone bridge
circuits are very
advantageous for
the measurement
of resistance,
inductance, and
capacitance.
Wheatstone Bridge
MATERIALS REQUIRED
CARBON ELECTRODES
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE SETUP
RESISTANCE BOX
GALVANOMETER
JOCKEY
BATTERY ELIMINATOR
COPPER SULPHATE SOLUTIONS OF
DIFFERENT MOLARITIES
DILUTE SOLUTION OF SULPHURIC ACID
PROCEDURE
1. Connect the slide wire form of the bridge as shown on
the next page. Let X be the unknown resistance of the
prepared solution of Copper Sulphate.
2. Measure the resistance of the solution with the bridge. To
obtain a balance, set the sliding key in the center of the
bridge wire and adjust the jockey until a
minimum deflection of the galvanometer. When the bridge
is balanced, measure the lengths obtained using the
attached meter scale.
3. Record the values of the standard resistances and of the
lengths obtained. Record two more readings by altering the
values of the known resistance
OBSERVATIONS
At concentration of electrolyte 0.1M
S.No
Value of
known
resistance
Length(l)
100-l
Resistance
(S)
1500
55
45
1833
1700
51.9
48.1
1834.3
1900
49.6
50.4
1869.8
1845.8
S.No
Value of
known
resistance
Length(l)
100-l
Resistance
(S)
3000
41.5
58.5
2128.20
4000
34.3
65.7
2088.28
2000
51.2
48.8
2098.36
2104.92
Value of
known
resistance
Length(l)
100-l
Resistance(
S)
3000
46
54
2555.6
4000
39
61
2557.3
5000
34.1
66.2
2587.2
2566.86
CONCLUSIONS
Based upon the Experiments conducted by us we have
come to the following conclusions1. The Resistance of the Copper Sulphate Solution
increased with increase in the concentration of the
solute.
2. The values of Conductance's kept on decreasing as the
concentration of the solute was increased. This proves
that the value of Conductivity is inversely proportional
to that of Resistance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY