Objectives

Understand description and control of

variability through tolerancing
Understand various classes of fits
Introduce multiple part tolerancing

Tolerance
Tolerance is the total amount a dimension may vary.
It is the difference between the maximum and
minimum limits.
Ways to Express:
1. Direct limits or as tolerance limits applied to a
dimension
2. Geometric tolerances
3. A general tolerance note in title block
4. Notes referring to specific conditions
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ANSI/ASME Standard
ANSI/ASME Standard Y14.5
Each dimension shall have a tolerance,
except those dimensions specifically
identified as reference, maximum, minimum,
or stock. The tolerance may be applied
directly to the dimension or indicated by a
general note located in the title block of the
drawing.

1. Direct Limits and Tolerance Values

1. Direct Limits and Tolerance Values

Plus and Minus Dimensions

2. Geometric Tolerance System

Feature Control Frame
Geometric
Dimensioning and
Tolerancing (GD&T) is a
method of defining
parts based on how
they function, using
standard ANSI symbols.

Concentricity
Symbol

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3. Tolerance Specifications in Title Block

General tolerance note
specifies the tolerance
for all unspecified
toleranced dimensions.

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4. Notes Referring to Specific

Conditions
General Tolerances could be in the form of a note
similar to the one shown below:

ALL DECIMAL DIMENSIONS TO BE HELD TO .002"

Means that a dimension such as .500 would be
assigned a tolerance of 0.002, resulting in a upper
limit of .502 and a lower limit of .498

Important Terms Single Part

Nominal Size general size, usually expressed in common fractions (1/2" for
the slot)
Basic Size theoretical size used as starting point (.500" for the slot)
Actual Size measured size of the finished part (.501" for the slot)

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Important Terms Single Part

Limits maximum and minimum sizes shown by tolerances (.502 and .498
larger value is the upper limit and the smaller value is the lower limit, for the
slot)
Tolerance total allowable variance in dimensions (upper limit lower limit)
object dimension could be as big as the upper limit or as small as the lower
limit or anywhere in between
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Important Terms Multiple Parts

Allowance the minimum clearance or
maximum interference between parts
Fit degree of tightness between two parts
Clearance Fit tolerance of mating parts always
leaves a space
Interference Fit tolerance of mating parts always
results in interference
Transition Fit sometimes interferes, sometimes
clears
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Fitting Multiple Parts

Tolerance of B

Fit Tolerance:
Clearance or
Interference

Part B

Tolerance of A
Part A

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Fitting Multiple Parts

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Shaft and Hole Fits

Clearance

Interference

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Shaft and Hole Fits

Transition

CLEARANCE FIT
+ .003

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Standard Precision Fits: English Units

Running and sliding fits (RC)

Clearance locational fits (LC)
Transition locational fits (LT)
Interference locational fits (LN)
Force and shrink fits (FN)

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Basic Hole System or Hole Basis

Definition of the "Basic Hole System":
The "minimum size" of the hole is equal to the
"basic size" of the fit
Example: If the nominal size of a fit is 1/2",
then the minimum size of the hole in the
system will be 0.500"
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Basic Hole System G28-A

Clearance = Hole Shaft
Cmax = H____ S____
Cmin = H____ S____

SMAX

SMIN
HMAX

Fill in the subscripts (min, max) in the

equations above.

HMIN

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Basic Hole System

Clearance = Hole Shaft
Cmax = Hmax Smin
Cmin = Hmin Smax
Both Cmax and Cmin <0 _________ fit
Both Cmax and Cmin >0 _________ fit
Cmax > 0; Cmin < 0 ___________ fit

SMAX

SMIN
HMAX
HMIN

What types of fits are these?

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Basic Hole System

Clearance = Hole Shaft
Cmax = Hmax Smin
Cmin = Hmin Smax
Both Cmax and Cmin <0 Interference fit
Both Cmax and Cmin >0 Clearance fit
Cmax > 0; Cmin < 0 Transition fit

SMAX

SMIN
HMAX
HMIN

System Tolerance = Cmax Cmin

Allowance = Min. Clearance = Cmin
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Basic Hole System

Calculate Maximum and
Minimum Clearance
Clearance = Hole Shaft
.490
.485

Cmax = Hmax Smin

Cmax = .510 .485 = .025

.510
.505

Cmin = Hmin Smax

Cmin = .505 .490 = .015

What type of fit is this?

Cmax > Cmin > 0 Clearance

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Metric Limits and Fits

Based on Standard Basic Sizes ISO Standard
Note that in the Metric system:
Nominal Size = Basic Size
Example: If the nominal size is 8, then the
basic size is 8
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Metric Preferred Hole Basis System of

Fits

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Metric Tolerance Homework TOL-1

Free Running H9/d9
Basic Size: 10
(1) Nominal Size: 10
?
(2) Shaft Limits:
(3) Shaft Tolerance: 0.036
????

9.960
????
????
9.924

(4) Hole Limits:

(5) Hole Tolerance: 0.036
????

10.036
????
????
10.000

(6) Ts: 0.072

????

(7) Minimum
Clearance: 0.040
????

(8) Maximum
Clearance: 0.112
????

CHECK: Ts
0.072
= Cmax
= 0.112
Cmin?
0.040 = 0.072
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Today's Assignment

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