Channel Coding on the Air Interface

Section 6

Version 0.1

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Objectives
On completion of this section the student will be able to:

Draw the structure of a GSM burst and identify the purpose of each
component.

Understand the different mechanisms used to protect the air interface

from errors on speech, data and control channels

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

GSM Burst and TDMA Frame

FRAME 1
0

FRAME 2
5

NORMAL BURST

GUARD
PERIOD
INFO

TRAINING SEQUENCE
STEALING
FLAGS

TAIL BITS

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

GUARD
PERIOD
INFO

TAIL BITS

CP02 - Section 6

GSM Burst Types

FRAME 1
0

FRAME 2
5

NORMAL BURST (NB)

TB

Information
57

Training Sequence
26

Information
57

TB GP
3

FREQ CORRECTION BURST (FB)

Fixed Bits
142

TB

TB GP
3

SYNCHRONISATION BURST (SB)

TB

Encoded
39

Synchronisation Sequence
64

Encoded
39

TB GP
3

DUMMY BURST
TB

Fixed Bits
57

Training Sequence
26

Fixed Bits
57

TB GP
3

ACCESS BURST
TB

Synchronisation Sequence
41

Encrypted Bits
36

TB

GP
68.25

577 m sec

time

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Error Protection and Detection

EFR Speech
Frame 244 bits

Cyclic Code + Repetition

In: 244
Out: 260

BCCH, PCH, AGCH, SDCCH,

FACCH, SACCH,
CBCH 184 bits

EFR Speech
Frame 260 bits

Class 1a Cyclic Code + Tail

In: 260
Out: 267

Convolutional Code
In: 267 bits
Out: 456 bits

Firecode + Tail
In: 184 bits
Out: 228 bits

Convolutional Code
In: 228 bits
Out: 456 bits

Data Traffic
9.6/4.8/2.4k
N0 bits

Add in Tail
In: N0 bits
Out: N1 bits

Convolutional Code
+ Puncture
In: N1 bits
Out: 456 bits

RACH + SCH
P0 bits

Cyclic Code + Tail

In: P0 bits
Out: P1 bits

Convolutional Code
In: P1 bits
Out: 2 x P1 bits

TCH/2.4
Re-ordering & Partitioning
+ Stealing Flag
In: 456 bits
Out: 8 subblocks

Block Diagonal Interleaving

In: 8 blocks
Out: Pair of blocks

8 x TCH FR (Bursts)
8x TCH EFT (Bursts)
8 x FACH/TCH (Bursts)
8 x TCH 2-4kbps (Bursts)

Ref:

Block Rectangular Interleaving

In: 8 subblocks
Out: Pair of subblocks

4 x BCCH, PCH, AGCH

4 x SDCCH, SACCH
4 x CBCH (Bursts)

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Diagonal Interleaving
+ Stealing Flags
In: 456 bits
Out: 8 subblocks

16 x TCH 9.6 kbps (Bursts)

1 x RACH
1 x SCH (Burst)

CP02 - Section 6

Speech Channel Coding

260 bits
Class 1a
50 bits

Class 1b
132 bits

Class 2
78 bits

Parity
Check

Tail
Bits
50

132

Convolutional Code

378

78

456 bits

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Preliminary Coding for Enhanced Full Rate Speech

244 bits

Class 1a
50 bits

Class 1b
124 bits

8 bit CRC
added to Class 1b

Class 1a
50 bits

Class 1b
132 bits

Class 2
70 bits

8 repetition
bits added to
Class 2 bits

Class 2
78 bits

260 bits

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Control Channel Encoding

184 bits
Parity
Bits

184

Fire Code

184

Tail
Bits
40

Convolutional Code

456

456 bits

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Data Channel Encoding

Data Channel 9.6 kbit/s
240 bits

240

240

Tail
Bits

244

Convolutional Code

488
Punctuate

456

456 bits

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Interleaving
TRAU Frame
Type

Number of
GSM Bursts
Spread Over

Speech

Control

Data

22

Note:
TRAU = Transcoder Rate Adaption Unit
Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Diagonal Interleaving - Speech

Full-rate speech blocks from one conversation arrive after encoding.
They each contain 456 bits.

Speech Blocks
1

456
bits

57
bits
even

57
bits
odd

57
bits
even

Shared by blocks 4 & 5

block 5 even bits
block 4 odd bits

Ref:

57
bits
odd

57
bits
even

57
bits
odd

57
bits
even

57
bits
odd

Shared by blocks 5 & 6

block 6 even bits
block 5 odd bits

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Diagonal Interleaving - Speech

Full rate encoded speech blocks from 1 conversation arrive from the speech codec.
Speech Blocks
1

456
bits

Bursts

FRAME 1

7 0

FRAME 2

FRAME 3

TDMA frames

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Rectangular Interleaving - Control

Control Blocks

456
bits

114
bits

114
bits

114
bits

114
bits
odd

even

even

odd

Bursts

FRAME 1

FRAME 2

FRAME 3

TDMA frames

Ref:

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

CP02 - Section 6

Diagonal Interleaving - Data

Data Blocks
1

456
bits

114

First 6
bits

Ref:

114

First 6
bits

First 6
bits

First 6
bits

114
bits

114
bits

114
bits

114
bits

114

114

Last 6
bits

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Last 6
bits

17

FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY

Last 6
bits

18

19

Last 6
bits

20

21

22

CP02 - Section 6