Aquafarming

by :
Nur Nabilah Bt Ramli
Er Hui Geok
Ummi Syakirah Abd Rahman
Siti Norsyahirah Bt Muhamad Zainuldin
Khoo Poi Sun

INTRODUCTION

Type of
Aqua farming
Marine
aquaculture

Algaculture
Freshwater
aquaculture

Open
Aquafarming
System

Open
Aquafarming
System

(active feeding)

(passive feeding)

Aquafarming Methods
Semi-closed
Aquafarming
System

Closed
Aquafarming
System

Open Aquafarming Systems (Active feeding)

Also known as Open sea-cage aquafarming
The rearing of aquatic species, within enclosures in natural
waterways.
Implemented in a wide range of environments :
Freshwater rivers
Brackish estuaries
Coastal marine
regions.
Water
salinity based on dissolved salts
Fresh water

Brackish water

Saline water

Brine

< 0.05%

0.053%

35%

> 5%

Method :
I. Floating mesh cages (vary in size depending on the scale of
operation & species cultured) are anchored to the seafloor.
II. Juvenile stock is sourced either from hatcheries or wild
populations.
III. They grown out in pens until a marketable size has been
reached.

Marine coastal region

Fresh water

Brackish estuaries

Fishemeal based feeds

are added to the cages.

The cage is moored

to the ocean floor.

Buoyant tubes
keep the cages
afloat.

Fish faeces and waste

fall through the cages.

Open Aquafarming Systems (Passive feeding)

The culture of numerous shellfish species in systems open to
natural waterways
The main species cultured with these methods are mussels and
oysters
They are capable of extracting nutritional requirements from the
water column, with no fishmeal being added as they are filterfeeders
Method :
I. Larval stages may be collected from the wild or produced in
hatcheries
Attachment to sticks
II. These
are then
Attachment
to placed
ropes into the water column by methods :
Containment in cages

Oyster farming (using racks)

Long-line mussels farming

Mussels or oyster are

grown on racks or in
cages

Passive systems occur in

estuaries as well as open
ocean

Nutrients are taken from

water.

Semi-closed Aquafarming Systems

The land-based production of a species, in which water is
exchanged between the farm and a natural waterway
Waste water is released from the ponds into the local waterway,
whilst the farm is replenished with fresh water pumped back into
the system.
Prawn farming is the predominant form of semi-closed
aquafarming.

Effects on coastal ecosystems :

Vast loss of habitat
Reduce surrounding water quality

Semi-closed aquafarming
system

Outlet for waste water

Pump

Prawns are often

cultivated using
this method

Intlet for ocean

water

Silver Perch

Marron

Barramundi

Yabbies

The pond or tank

exists in a closed
system

Species including
barramundi are grown
using this system

Feed is added

Raceways

Pond

Tanks

Aquafarming in Malaysia

The freshwater aqua

farming field for prawns
and fishes at Tawau, Sabah

The brackish water aqua

farming of fishes in Sungai
Pahang, Pahang
The marine aqua
farming
conducted in
FanLi Marine &
Consultancy Sdn.
Bhd at Selangor

The seaweed marine aqua farming

in Semporna, Sabah

One of the ornamental

fishes sell shop at Bemban,
Kulai, Johor

Benefits of Aqua-farming
provide a sustainable seafood source
prevent the extinction of endangered and rare
species of animals
provide large and consistent quantities of fish
and seafood
meet the demands of people towards seafood
stimulate economic growth
can benefit the environment

Arguments against Aqua Farming

Can conflict with other users of water bodies
such as lobstermen, fishermen or migrating fish
Can amplify and transfer disease and parasites to
wild fish populations
Can pollute water systems with excess nutrients
(fish feed & wastes), chemicals and antibiotics
Can compromise native gene pools if farmed fish
and native species interbreed
Can threaten livelihood of fishermen

C
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Thank You (^,^)v