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The Hydraulic PUMPS
PUMPS
A PUMP is a device that converts the MECHANICAL ENERGY from external
sources (e.g. motors) into equivalent useful HYDRAULIC ENERGY mainly in the form of
pressure energy.
Main purposes of using pumps are1. To raise liquids from lower level to a higher level.
2. To add energy to the fluid to boost its pressure head.
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS:
Depending upon the Principle of operation:
1. Rotodynamic Pump Or Centrifugal Pumps
2. Positive Displacement Pump
Rotodynamic PUMPS
These pumps simply add momentum to the fluid/liquids by means of fast
moving blades or vanes. The momentum or the velocity of the fluid also increases
while moving through suction pipe and most of these velocity head is converted to
pressure energy while moving through the blade passages and the diffuser vanes.
Centrifugal PUMP
Vw1 0
So,
Workdone per sec, per unit weight of the water per sec,
Vw 2 u 2 / g
= Eulers Equation
Priming:
Priming is the process of filling up of the suction pipe of the pump casing and
the portion of the delivery pipe with water before starting the pump.
Without priming the pump will be running in air, and thus the suction head
generated will be in terms of air. As the density of the air is very low in comparison to
water, the suction head will be very negligible and as a result water may not be sucked in.
Pumps in series:
The large head requirement can also be achieved by connecting several single
stage centrifugal pumps in series where the delivery pipe of the first pump discharges at
the inlet pipe of the next pump.
Consult class notes for the diagram:
Pumps in parallel:
If the requirement is to discharge a large a large quantity of liquid, then several
centrifugal pumps are connected in parallel. Here all the pumps draw liquid from the
same sump and delivers to a common delivery pipe.
Ns
N Q
H 3m/ 4
CAVITATION :
It is the process of formation of vapour bubbles when pressure in any region falls below
the vapour pressure of the liquid at the existing temperature. This vapour bubbles creates
vapour locks to the flow and the flow is restricted. When these bubbles are carried away
by the incoimng liquid to a region of higher pressure these vapoure bubbles collapses and
cavities are formed. The surrounding liquid then rushes in to fill these cavities creating
very high pressure pulses, which can ultimately lead to serious damage in the form of
erosion to the solid surface of the impeller.
Note: (Most important for GATE and interviews)
1. Cavitation is also present in turbine.
2. In pumps cavitation occures at the inlet (eye) while in turbine chances are more
at the outlet of the runner as the pressure at these regions are the lowest.