CODES AND STANDARDS

IN
PIPING

ENGINEERING
MADHUR MAHAJAN
PIPING ENGINEER

CODES -:
A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES
GUIDELINES FOR
DESIGN,CONSTRUCTION AND
INSTALLATION, WHICH ARE
CONVERTED INTO LAW.

STANDARDS:
A DOCUMENT WHICH GIVES
SIZES/RATING/JOINING METHODS OF
COMPONENTS.
The STDS are mainly of two types: Dimensional STDS

Pressure Integrity STDS

DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS: They provide configuration control Information for

components.

The main purpose of Dimensional STD is to assure

Similar components manufactured by different
supplier will be physically Interchangeable.

Mainly this document gives dimensions of various parts.

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES:
Recommended Practices prepared by professional group or
committee indicating good engineering practices but which are
optional. Companies also develop Guide in order to have
consistency in the documentation.

Each country has its own Codes and Standards. Normally American
National standards are most widely used all over the world and
compliance with those requirements are accepted globally.

In India, other than American standards, British standards and

Indians are also used for the design and selection of equipment and
piping systems.

MAJOR ORGANIZATION FOR

STANDARDS:
Country

Organization

India

BIS

Bureau of Indian standards.

U.S.A

ASME

American Society of Mechanical

Engineers

United Kingdom

BSI

British Standards Institute

Germany
Japan

DIN
JIS

:
:

Deutsches Institute for Normung.

Japanese Industrial Standards

Europe

CEN

Europe Community for Standardization

Canada
France

CSA
:
AFNOR :

Canadian Standards Association

Association Francoise

AMERICAN STANDARDS
Commonly used American Standards in
Piping

The American Petroleum Institute (API).

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
The American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM).
The American Welding Society (AWS).
The American Water Works Association (AWWA).
The Manufactures Standardization Society &
Industry-Standards practices (MSS-SP)
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME).

Commonly used American CODE in Piping

1. B31.1 - Power Piping
Piping for industrial plants and marine applications. This code prescribes
minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test,
and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric
generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district
heating plants.

2. B31.2 - Fuel Gas Piping

This has been withdrawn as a National Standard and replaced by
ANSI/NFPA Z223.1, but B31.2 is still available from ASME and is a good
reference for the design of gas piping systems (from the meter to the
appliance).

3. B31.3 - Process Piping

Design of chemical and petroleum plants and refineries processing chemicals
and hydrocarbons, water and steam. This Code contains rules for piping
typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper,
semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and
terminals.

4. B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for

Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
This Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials,
construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting
liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas
liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid
anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers'
lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries,
stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other
delivery and receiving points.

5. B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping and Heat

Transfer Components
This Code prescribes requirements for the materials, design, fabrication,
assembly, erection, test, and inspection of refrigerant, heat transfer
components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320
deg F (-196 deg C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled,
except as specifically excluded in the following paragraphs.

6.B31.8 - Gas Transmission and

Distribution Piping Systems
This Code covers the design, fabrication, installation, inspection, and
testing of pipeline facilities used for the transportation of gas. This Code
also covers safety aspects of the operation and maintenance of those
facilities

7. B31.9 - Building Services Piping

This Code Section has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional,
commercial and public buildings, and multi-unit residences, which does not
require the range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in.

8. B31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping

Systems
Design, construction, inspection, security requirements of slurry piping
systems.
Covers piping systems that transport aqueous slurries of no hazardous
materials, such as coal, mineral ores and other solids between a slurry
processing plant and the receiving plant

9. B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and

pipelines
This Code is applicable to piping in gaseous and liquid
hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen
service. This Code is applicable up to and including the
joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels
and equipment but not to the vessels and equipment
themselves

10.ASME/ANSI B16 - Standards of

Pipes and Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.1 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and
Flanged Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.3 - Malleable Iron Threaded
Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.4 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings

ASME/ANSI B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged

Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel
Butt welding Fittings

 ASME/ANSI B16.10 - Face-to-Face and Endto-End Dimensions of Valves

ASME/ANSI B16.11 - Forged Steel Fittings,

Socket-Welding and Threaded
ASME/ANSI B16.12 - Cast Iron Threaded
Drainage Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.14 - Ferrous Pipe Plugs,
Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded
Fittings

 ASME/ANSI B16.18 - Cast Copper Alloy

Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for
Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would,
and Jacketed
ASME/ANSI B16.21 - Nonmetallic Flat
Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
ASME/ANSI B16.22 - Wrought Copper
and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
Fittings

 ASME/ANSI B16.23 - Cast Copper Alloy

Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
ASME/ANSI B16.24 - Cast Copper Alloy
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.25 - Butt welding ends
ASME/ANSI B16.26 - Cast Copper Alloy
Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

 ASME/ANSI B16.33 - Manually Operated

Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping
Systems Up to 125 psig
ASME/ANSI B16.34 - Valves - Flanged,
Threaded, and Welding End

ASME/ANSI B16.36 - Orifice Flanges

ASME/ANSI B16.38 - Large Metallic Valves
for Gas Distribution
ASME/ANSI B16.39 - Malleable Iron
Threaded Pipe Unions

 ASME/ANSI B16.40 - Manually Operated

Thermoplastic Gas
ASME/ANSI B16.42 - Ductile Iron Pipe
Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150
and 300
ASME/ANSIB16.44 - Manually Operated
Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House
Piping Systems

 ASME/ANSI B16.45 - Cast Iron Fittings

for Solvent Drainage Systems
ASME/ANSI B16.47 - Large Diameter
Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60

ASME/ANSI B16.48 - Steel Line Blanks

ASME/ANSI B16.49 - 2000 - FactoryMade Wrought Steel Butt welding
Induction Bends for Transportation and
Distribution Systems

ASTM STANDARDS
ASTM standards consist of 16 sections on
definitions & classifications of material of
construction and test methods.

ASME section II has four parts.

Part-A Ferrous materials specifications
Part-B Non ferrous metals specification
Part-C Specification for welding materials
Part-D Properties of materials

 In Part II, the materials are listed in the Index

based on the available forms such as plates,
casting, tubes
The selection of ASTM specification depends
upon the required manufactures, from of
material, its mechanical strength and the
corrosion properties.

The specification number is given on

Alphabetical prefix A for Ferrous materials and
B for Non-ferrous materials.

Commonly used Recommended

Practices
MSS-SP-6
Surface for Flanges.

Standard Finishes for Contact

MSS-SP-43
Wrought Stainless Steel Butt
welds Fittings, Stub Ends etc.
MSS-SP-56
Pipe Hanger Supports:
Materials, Design and Manufacture
MSS-SP-95
MSS-SP-97

Standard for Swage Nipples

Standard for O let fittings.

KEEP SMILING