NGO

PRESENTED BY :
SRIDEVI . K
USN No : 1BM14AHD08
I SEM M . Arch

NGO
Contents :

Introduction

Case Study 1 Janaagraha

Case Study 2 Sustainable Urbanism International

Case Study 3 - UNESCO

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What is an NGO??
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens group which
is organized on a local, national or international level.
Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of
service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and
monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information.
Some are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or health.
NGOs are referred in many ways
NPOs or Not for profit
VOs or Voluntary Organizations
CSOs or Civil Society Organizations
CBOs or Community Based Organizations
Charitable Organizations
Third Sector Organizations (The other two sectors are state and the market)
Typical Forms of NGOs
Advocacy These NGOs basically work on advocacy or campaigning on issues or causes. As
a focus, they do not implement programmes.
Consultancy / Research Organizations These NGOs work on Social and Developmental
Research & Consultancy
Training / Capacity Building Organizations In the NGO Sector, training is usually called as
Capacity Building. Some NGOs only work on Capacity Building of the other NGOs
Mother NGOs These NGOs are recipients as well as givers
Self Help Groups They are not typically termed as NGOs. These are formed by beneficiary
communities, typically women who come together in a group of 10 plus
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How many NGOs are working in India

The estimates of different sources vary but largely people agree this figure to be between 1
million to 2 million
Gwalior- over 10,000 Registered

Some of the states with high number of NGOs

Gujarat
Maharashtra
TamilNadu
West Bengal
For many years now, TN has been recording the second highest foreign aid receipts by
NGOs, next only to Delhi.
Who helps the NGO Sector
Funding agencies: both Indian and International, eg. VHAI (Voluntary Health Association of
India), CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency)
Corporate Companies: both Indian and International, eg: Sir Dorab Ji Tata Trust (Food
Security), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (HIV and AIDS).
Secret Donors
Government Agencies: Mostly various ministries at the central and state level, eg: Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare
Types of Activities done:
Advocacy and awareness
Movements and campaigns
Hardware Activities
Service Delivery
Networking

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Major Thrust Areas

Health
Land
Ravine Reclamation
Women Empowerment
Female Infanticide and Feticide
Food security
Corruption
Community Empowerment
Sizes of Project
May vary on the grounds of project that is being implemented 5 people to 500 looking after a
project.
Financially depending on the thrust area ranging from Rs.50000 to 5 Crores

So How Do We Really Go About Bringing A Change????

The Change Process
Analyzing
Planning
Staffing
Networking
Implementing
Monitoring
Evaluating
Sustaining
Exiting
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Functions of NGOs with respect to Entrepreneurial Scenario

1. Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP)
2. Counseling
3. Development of Infrastructure
4. Construction of Housing Facility
5. Supporting Innovation and Pilot Projects
6. Providing Technical Assistance
Advantages of NGOs Ability to experiment freely Flexible in adapting to local
needs Enjoy Good rapport with people Ability to communicate at all levels
Ability to recruit experts and highly motivated staff Less restrictions from the
Government

Disadvantages of NGOs
Lack of funds
Lack of dedicated leadership
Inadequate trained personnel
Misuse of Funds
Monopolization of leadership
Lack of public participation
Centralization in Urban Areas
Lack of Coordination

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Responsibilities of NGOs
Act as a change agent
Environment
Safeguarding Human Rights Representatives of weaker sections
Challenges to NGOs
Need for honest and dedicated persons.
Need for transparency to create confidence.
A proper personnel policy
Protect the interest of the people rather than members
Transparent and easy to operate mechanism.

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Types of NGOs: By orientation and level of Operation

NGO types can be understood by their orientation and level of cooperation.
NGO types by orientation:
Charitable Orientation often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation
by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of
the poor -distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools
etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-made disaster.
Service Orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family
planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are
expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service.
Participatory Orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are
involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land,
materials, labor etc. In the classical community development project, participation begins with
the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. Cooperatives
often have a participatory orientation.
Empowering Orientation is where the aim is to help poor people develop a clearer
understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to
strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Sometimes, these
groups develop spontaneously around a problem or an issue, at other times outside workers
from NGOs play a facilitating role in their development. In any case, there is maximum
involvement of the people with NGOs acting as facilitators.

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NGO Types by level of operation:

Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can
include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or
educational organizations. There are a large variety of these, some supported by NGOs,
national or international NGOs, or bilateral or international agencies, and others independent
of outside help. Some are devoted to rising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping
them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved
in providing such services.
Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers
of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and
associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved
in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose
of helping the poor.
National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional
organizations etc. Some of these have state and city branches and assist local NGOs.
International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Redda BArna and Save the
Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously
motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and
projects, to implementing the projects themselves.

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Top 10 NGO - India

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Help Age India - Rank 1
Sargam Sanstha - Rank 2
Smile Foundation - Rank 3
Give India
Lepra Society
Udaan
Deepalaya
Uday Foundation
Karmayog
Pratham

Top 10 NGO - World

Inter Environment - Rank 1
Idealist - Rank 2
I C V A - Rank 3
AIE SEC
ACLU
Animal Wildlife Foundation
Earth Island Institute
D.E.L.T.A Rescue
Yad Ezra V'Shulamit
Every Home Global Concern
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CASE STUDY 1 :

SRIDEV.K

JANAAGRAHA

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Janaagraha is a not-for-profit organization that aims to strengthen democracy in India by

working for citizen participation in urban local government.

Janaagraha aims to spread awareness of the benefits of engaging local governments after
electing them and to lobby the Government of India to enact legislation to extend the
74th Amendment to the Constitution of India for more representative local urban
government.

The co-founders of the organization are Ramesh Ramanathan and Swati Ramanathan.

At Janaagraha, they have developed a comprehensive framework called REED to guide

our policies and practices to bring about change in quality of life and public governance.
It is an acronym for four defining aspects of urban governance:

Regional perspective to urban issues

Empowered citizens and local governments

Enabled citizens and local governments with Direct accountability of the government to
the people.

The term 'quality of life' as defined by Janaagraha has two distinct and inter-related
aspects. The first 'quality of urban infrastructure and services' - the quality of urban of
amenities, i.e., roads, drains, traffic ,transport, water supply,etc.The second aspect is the
'quality of citizenship' - the role that urban residents play by participating in civic issues.
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Online Initiatives
I Change My City
I Change My City is a social networking initiative that is committed to urban issues electoral and civic.
It aims to initiate change, build networks of communities & local civic bodies, provide data
on urban issues, civic awareness & training all of this at a local neighbourhood level.
I Paid A Bribe (IPAB)
I Paid A Bribe is Janaagraha's initiative to tackle corruption by harnessing the collective
energy of citizens.
I Paid A Bribe uses them to argue for improving governance systems and procedures,
tightening law enforcement and regulation. Thereby reduce the scope for corruption while
obtaining services from the government.
Offline Initiatives
Ward Infrastructure Index (WII)
Ward Infrastructure Index (WII) programme is a unique initiative to assess quality of life in
urban areas. It analyses various wards by its quality of infrastructure and rates them on
scale of 0 10 (0 being the least and 10 being the best), to give residents and municipalities
an easy indicator on how their respective wards measure up against standard benchmarks
set by the government.
The project looks at services like water supply, electricity, public health, public safety, civic
amenities, transport and environment to arrive at a rating.
It not only provides valuable information to urban planners and decision makers to
streamline delivery of goods and services to different wards but also facilitates direct
accountability of local administration and elected representatives to the urban citizens
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Janaagraha field of impact

1. Area Suraksha is a Civil Defence Initiative that trains citizens to actively create safer
neighbourhoods and strong communities.
2. Bala Janaagraha The Bala Janaagraha programme is conducted for students of VIII
Standard of interested government, aided and private schools in Bangalore and other
urban centres. The programme runs from June/July to January/February (according to the
start of the academic calendar) each year and is comprised of in-school as well as out of
school activities.

3.

BCCF The Bangalore City Connect Foundation (BCCF) is an initiative which brings
various urban stakeholders outside government together on a single platform. It assists
government agencies by providing knowledge, assistance and support for better planning
and implementation of urban infrastructure in Bangalore. It has begun its work by
focusing on Traffic and Transportation

4. Jaagte Raho! the Election Commission of India (ECI) and Janaagraha Centre for
Citizenship and Democracy signed yet another historic Memorandum Understanding
(MOU) to reform electoral systems.
5. India Urban Space Foundation India Urban Space Foundation is a partner program of
Janaagraha, It makes urban and spatial planning central to the transformation of Urban
India, leading economic, political and social change through it, in Bangalore context it is
TENDER SURE PROJECT. The goal of project Tender SURE is to improve the quality
of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right, pilot project they have taken
up 8 major roads in Bangalore.
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6. Applied Research The Janaagraha Applied Research Programme (J-ARP) is a core

programme of Janaagraha which engages in action-oriented research activities to further
Janaagrahas advocacy and grassroots objectives. It brings together various urban research
stakeholders, to promote awareness of the need for increased and sustained urban research
in India.
7. Ward infrastructure Index assesses the quality of life in various wards by its quality
of infrastructure. It rates them on scale of 0 10 where 0 is the least and 10 is the best.
The WII data formed the basis for the Bangalore Patrol campaign a result of
Janaagrahas collaboration with the Times of India.
8. Urban Capacity Building Janaagrahas Urban Capacity Building Programme (UCBP) works toward designing; developing; deploying; facilitating; and, thereby, establishing
apt learning events for key stakeholders including champions and change-agents from all
walks of life who can positively influence broad-based and sustainable urban
development
9. PROOF Public Record of Operations and Finance (PROOF) is Janaagraha's public
disclosure and accountability initiative. PROOF works with governments to enhance
financial and performance disclosures of local governments and with citizens to catalyse
citizen engagement on city finances.

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TENDERSURE
Roads today are used as both networks for mobility in expanding cities and towns, as well
as the means of access to individual dwellings. The goal of project Tender SURE is to
improve the quality of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right. India's urban
roads currently suffer from a two-fold gap: a lack of design specifications; and a poor
procurement process. Tender SURE addresses both these gaps by providing vital, replicable
blueprints for governments and contractors alike.
Detailed Project Report (DPR) provision
In quarter two, India Urban Space Foundation (IUSP) was entrusted with creating DPRs for
12 key corridors in Bangalore, by order of the Government of Karnataka. In quarter two,
IUSP completed field investigations for all 12 corridors, involving the following tests:
Benkelman Beam Deflection Study
Soil tests
Total Station Survey
Usage surveys
Utility Service Mapping
Traffic survey
Pedestrian survey

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CASE STUDY 2: SUSTAINABLE URBANISM INTERNATIONAL

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Sustainable Urbanism International is a research and design initiative committed to the

conservation of cultural heritage, and developing strategies for promoting culturally and
environmentally sensitive strategies for urban development.
SUI was established as a non-profit NGO in Bangalore in 2003 and is also a research unit
at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, Columbia University in
New York. SUI works with governments, communities, and private investors to develop
strategies for urban development that bring about the benefits of modernization while
minimizing the cultural dislocations arising from it.
Expertise

Culturally and environmentally sustainable architectural design.

Culturally and environmentally sustainable city planning.

Site Management plans for conservation and development of cultural heritage sites.

Architecture and Urban Design in heritage sensitive areas.

Lake and waterfront redevelopment.

Construction with local materials and technology including earth.

Design of alternative infrastructural systems.

Documentation, analysis, and grading of heritage structures.

Research on architectural and urban history.

Tourism development strategy and design.

Documentation and analysis of intangible heritage.

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Design, develop and produce

Digital multimedia
Digital documentation and archiving
Laser Scanning and digital 3D reconstruction and walkthrough of heritage buildings and
places
Web interface design and development including social media
Brochures, maps, and print publications

Planning & Design for Cultural Heritage

SUI develops plans for conserving and managing cultural heritage as well as for sustainable
urban development that is compatible with and builds upon heritage and identity of the place.
From transportation and land-use plans to social housing, SUIs designs strategies adopt an
inclusive and participatory approach to bring about the benefits of modernization while
minimizing cultural dislocations.

SUI designs, plans and policies include

Cultural heritage management strategies
Master-plan and land-use plans, and regulations
Green design and design of infrastructural systems compatible with heritage
Design and redevelopment of streets, street facades, heritage walks, waterfronts, and public
spaces
Housing planning and design
Design and policies for compatible adaptive re-use of heritage structures and spaces
Adapting Heritage for Livelihood Strategies
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Services
Cultural Tourism
SUI designs and plans tourism development strategies at various scales from individual
structures to cities and regions with multiple heritage sites. Strategies are designed to
enhance visitor experience while protecting heritage assets, and contributing to peoplecentered economic development.
In promoting heritage-based tourism for sustainable development, SUI views heritage as
cultural landscapes beyond just the monuments and respects the inherited resources and
knowledge of people and communities.

Designs, plans and strategies include

Strategies for heritage-led tourism destination development
Strategies for infrastructure development compatible with heritage identity
Documentation and analysis of tangible and intangible heritage
Guidelines and regulations for managing heritage assets including adaptive reuse
Design of signage and hospitality facilities compatible with heritage character

Digital Multimedia for Heritage

SUI promotes awareness about cultural heritage using new media and digital technology to
interpret, document, visualize, reconstruct, make accessible and build support networks of
heritage sites.
Digital multimedia presentations integrate in-depth historical research, audio narrative,
interviews, music, images, digital reconstructions and walk-through animations for on-site
display at heritage sites, museums, tourist centers, libraries, schools and the world wide
web. SUIs innovative research and technology based digital multimedia connects
monuments with cities, people, place, traditions, intangible heritage, and natural landscape.
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Anandrao Flyover Innovating Public Space in Bangalore Transforming Waste Space to

Public Space: Designing for Sustainability under Bangalores Anand Rao Flyover

Public spaces and parks have woefully diminished, Bangalore has acquired vast amounts of
non-descript, underutilized, and unfriendly wasted spaces beneath the new concrete
infrastructure. In recent months the city has also been battling a crisis of solid-waste
management.

Together with the BBMP, the workshop undertook the implementation of a demonstration at
Anand Rao Circle in Bangalore.

Identifying a prominent space at the circle under the flyover that was filled with trash and
debris, the workshop converted the space into a public space for a few moments of respite at a
busy intersection.

The workshop used scrap from billboards to fabricate a series of metal frames and benches,
and reused discarded pavers and gravel created seating areas.

Existing signage boards, and fences were incorporated into the design. The concrete pillars
were cleaned and painted in cheerful colors.

Much rhesearcon plants that grow in shade with less water was undertaken along with the
BBMP horticulture department. The idea is that creepers would wrap around the pillars and
plants would provide much needed relief and counter pollution in the city. The entire project
was carried out in two and half weeks with the support of BBMP. Columbia University, New
York supported the travel of the students to Bangalore. Utilize waste and recycled materials to
construct.
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Srishti School of Art Design and Technology

Since 2007, Srishti has been collaborating with SUI led by Prof. Jyoti Hosagrahar. Srishti
students and faculty from Interior and Furniture Design, Product and Systems Design, Film,
and Visual Communication have all been engaged with projects on heritage towns in
Karnataka with SUI as well as a heritage palace in Gujarat.
The work of the Srishti students has supported, extended, and added to the work of SUI on
these heritage areas. SUI-Srishti collaborations have included:
Studio Project: Cultural heritage, development and design in the Hoysala Heritage region on
15 historic cities in Karnataka established in the 11th and 13th centuries in collaboration with
Sustainable Urbanism International (SUI). Various studio projects 2007-2011.
Studio Project: Visualizing cultural heritage, Railway Staff College, Vadodara, in collaboration
with SUI, and the Ministry of Railways, Government of India, 2012
Conceptualizing Kalagram: Exploration and development of the concept of a Community
museum and center for research on crafts in a heritage town in Karnataka in collaboration with
SUI, 2010-2012
Exploring cultural landscapes: Explorations of heritage, craft, tourism, and the cultural
landscape in Kutch, Gujarat in collaboration with SUI, 2010.
City Waste: Intensive workshop on community, culture, and garbage in Bangalore with SUI
Columbia University, New York, 2013.
Transforming Waste to Public Space: Designing for Sustainability under Bangalores Flyovers:
Anand Rao Circle, Bangalore. An intensive workshop with SUI Columbia University, New
York included documentation, analysis, design, and construction of a public space at Anand
Rao Circle in Bangalore, 2014.
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Integrated Site Management Plan for Srirangapatna, Karnataka ghat14

SUI is engaged in design and policy interventions in Srirangapatna to explore the cultural,
social and environmental dimensions of sustainability in managing urban heritage. With a
perspective that places have complex ecologies that need to be nurtured and sustained,
SUI has expanded the idea of heritage beyond monuments to the intersections of nature,
culture, and the built environment.
SUI views local knowledge, spatial and building practices, and landscape interpretations
of hydrological systems as integral to the cultural landscape of a place. Identifying such
heritage is a collaborative effort with local residents, also helping recognize livelihood
forms, practices, and skills that have been lost.
Efforts to develop a heritage-sensitive town plans based and reviving and adapting
traditional construction technologies all integrate heritage conservation with design,
development planning, and natural resource management.
SUIs minimalist design and planning interventions are aiming to enhance local economic
development, while enabling local populations to express their historically derived placedbased identities. SUI is involved in a range of studies, policies, and design interventions
for Srirangapatna through extensive community and stakeholder consultations.
They include sustainable tourism development, redesign of public spaces, adaptive reuse
of historic structures, sustainable designs for infrastructure and public facilities,
redevelopment of common property resources, design of street signage, renovating the
interior of homes, and the design of movable public performance spaces.

Partners
Archaeological Survey of India.
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SUI designs and interacts with communities to develop livelihood strategies based on
heritage. From the development of tourism related products and services to the design of
festivals and cultural events, SUIs strategies retain and revive traditional forms, use and
activities while adapting them to contemporary conditions.
Sustainable livelihood strategies are aimed at poverty alleviation and empowerment of
women and marginalized populations through microenterprises. Efforts include
participatory design, supportive policies, training and capacity-building.
Home-stay and small-scale hospitality services
Local cuisine development in restaurants, cafes and vendors
Integration of vendors and microenterprise retail through public space design
Microenterprises related to crafts, souvenirs and creative products
Revival, design and adaptation of building crafts
Integration of performing arts into public spaces

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CASE STUDY 3 : UNESCO

UNESCO was created in order to respond to the firm belief of nations, forged by two world
wars in less than a generation, that political and economic agreements are not enough to
build a lasting peace.
Peace must be established on the basis of humanitys moral and intellectual
solidarity.UNESCO strives to build networks among nations that enable this kind of
solidarity, by:Mobilizing for education: so that every child, boy or girl, has access to
quality education as a fundamental human right and as a prerequisite for human
development.
Building intercultural understanding: through protection of heritage and support for cultural
diversity.
UNESCO created the idea of World Heritage to protect sites of outstanding universal value.
Pursuing scientific cooperation: such as early warning systems for tsunamis or transboundary water management agreements, to strengthen ties between nations and societies.
Protecting freedom of expression: an essential condition for democracy, development and
human dignity.Today, UNESCO's message has never been more important.
We must create holistic policies that are capable of addressing the social, environmental
and economic dimensions of sustainable development. This new thinking on sustainable
development reaffirms the founding principles of the Organization and enhances its role:In
a globalized world with interconnected societies, intercultural dialogue is vital if we are to
live together while acknowledging our diversity.
In an uncertain world, the future of nations depends not only on their economic capital or
natural resources, but on their collective ability to understand and anticipate changes in the
environment - through education, scientific research and the sharing of knowledge.
In an unstable world - marked by fledgling democratic movements, the emergence of new
economic powers and societies weakened by multiple stress factors the educational,
scientific and cultural fabric of societies along with respect for fundamental rights guarantees their resilience and stability.

In a connected world - with the emergence of the creative economy and knowledge
societies, along with the dominance of the Internet, the full participation of everyone in the
new global public space is a prerequisite for peace and development.
UNESCO is known as the "intellectual" agency of the United Nations. At a time when the
world is looking for new ways to build peace and sustainable development, people must
rely on the power of intelligence to innovate, expand their horizons and sustain the hope of
a new humanism.
UNESCO exists to bring this creative intelligence to life; for it is in the minds of men and
women that the defences of peace and the conditions for sustainable development must be
built.
Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the
knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future.
Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development
issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction,
biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory
teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their
behaviour and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable
Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future
scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way.
Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way
education is often practiced today.
UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development
(2005-2014).

Vision
UNESCO-IHE envisions a world in which people manage their water and environmental
resources in a sustainable manner, and in which all sectors of society, particularly the poor, can
enjoy the benefits of basic services.
Mission
The mission of UNESCO-IHE is to contribute to the education and training of
professionals, the knowledge base through research and to build the capacity of sector
organizations, knowledge centers and other institutions active in the fields of water, the
environment and infrastructure in developing countries and countries in transition. In
support of its mission, the Institute has three main goals:
Develop innovation, provide new knowledge, and promote the uptake of technologies and
policies that will address the issues of the global water agenda, in particular those related to
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the post 2015 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs);
Seek, evaluate and facilitate responses for the sustainable management of water, to meet the
needs of all sectors of society, particularly the poor;
Strengthen and promote principles of good governance that drive institutional and
management change to support the sustainable management of water.
Strategy
Water will be one of the most important issues of the 21st century. How should water be
managed 40 years from now in a world inhabited by more than 9 billion people? This and many
other questions demand direct action. Water is critical to the worlds prosperity and
environmental sustainability. Safe drinking water and appropriate sanitation are vital factors in
human health and quality of life. More than half the population already lives in cities, and this
number will only increase. UNESCO-IHEs strategic plan recognizes that addressing global
challenges such as poverty, climate change and public health requires a strong foundation of
knowledge to improve water management practices.

Sources :
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndianNGO
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaagraha
www.janaagraha.org/q2report2012-13/tendersure.htm
home.sustainurban.org/

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