THE EFFECT OF ADDITION OF GLASS POWDER

ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

CURED IN CRUDE OIL
Presented By

Name:
Matric No.
Dept.:
Supervisor:

ABIODUN AREMU OLIYIDE

134183
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
DR. K.K. ADEWOLE

OUTLINE
Introduction

Problem Definition
Aim and Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Recommendations
References

INTRODUCTION
Ukoli in 2001, noted that the Niger Delta region of
Nigeria has been mired by various degrees of health and
environmental pollution problems.

Recent research has shown that concrete deterioration

and cracking is more severe in these oil polluted
environment and this has led to several investigation on
the causes of concrete deterioration in these
environment (Ejeh et al, 2009).

PROBLEM DEFINITION
Ajagbe et al (2012), established that there is an obvious

reduction in strength of concrete that was made from

crude oil contaminated sand
Ramzi et al, 2000 established that the rate of crude oil

absorption by concrete is high at early age and this

reduces the compressive strength of such concrete

PROBLEM DEFINATION
Odufuwa (2010), noted that the strength of concrete

made from crude oil imparted sand can be improved by

reducing the water cement ratio
NOTE:

Not much work has been done on how to improve the

compressive strength of concrete cast with
uncontaminated sand, but cured in a crude oil medium

This project looks into the use of waste glass powder

(pozzolan) to improve the strength

CURING OF CONCRETE IN CRUDE MEDIUM MODELS A

TYPICAL SITUATON IN THE NIGER DELTA

An Oil Spill Site in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Source: www.guardian .com

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to improve the compressive
strength of concrete cured in crude oil with glass powder
The Objectives of the study
To monitor the strength of concrete when it is cured in

crude oil medium

To determine the pozzolanic activity of glass powder
To improve the compressive strength of concrete using

waste glass powder

TESTS CARRIED OUT

Modified Chapelles Test
This was used in determining the pozzolanic activity of
glass powder. The test is defined based on the amount of
Calcium oxide (or calcium hydroxide) consumed by a
specific amount of the specimen.

Compression Test
Compression Test is most widely used to measure the
compressive strength of concrete. This was done as
specified in the test method (BS EN 12390-2:2000).

MATERIALS USED
Ordinary Portland cement
(Grade 42.5R)

Glass Powder

Crude oil Medium

(Bonny Light)

Other Materials Include: Fine aggregates, Coarse aggregate and Water

METHODS
The materials were weighed out in accordance to the

mix proportion of 1:1.14:2.66 as calculated for

characteristic strength of 40N/mm2 in the mix design
(w/c was maintained at 0.35)
The specimens were differentiated with respect to

percentage of the added recycled glass powder of 0, 10

and 20%
The cubes were cured in crude oil medium and water

was used for the control experiment

METHODS
A mechanical mixer was used in mixing the materials

together(sand, gravel, cement, glass and water)

After mixing, the slump test for each batch was taken
The Mould was filled in three layers with 25 blows given

to each layers successively

The concrete was then left undisturbed for 24hrs before

de-moulding

METHODS
Mechanical Mixer During Mixing

Slump Test

METHODS
Concrete levelled out in mould

Compression Testing Machine

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Modified Chappelles Test
Sieve size

Average titre

Amount of Ca(OH)2 consumed

value

by 1g of glass powder

150

4.03

1203.99

300

4.43

1090.98

According to the French standard

(NF P 18513 Annexe A, 2010)

The minimum amount of Ca(OH)2

to be consumed by the glass powder
for it to be considered a pozzolan is
660mg/g and the result gave values
of 1203.99 and 1090.98mg for
150m and 300m respectively

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

SLUMP TEST
% of glass powder

Slump test result

0%

30mm

10 %

26mm

20 %

17mm

The slump test result

shows that the

workability of the
cement decreases with
increase in the
percentage of glass
powder in the mix.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Concret
e Age

0%
Water

0% Oil

10%
Water

10% Oil

20%
Water

20% Oil

Day 7

23.11

14.96

22.96

21.48

18.81

18.52

Day 14

26.81

17.78

23.26

22.37

21.19

20.89

Day 28

31.41

20.44

25.33

25.33

22.52

22.81

The decrease in strength is

due to the absorption of crude
oil into the microstructure of
the matrix of concrete which
may have caused dilation of
the gel and weakening of the
cohesive forces in the paste
thus, resulting to a low
strength development (Ejeh
and Uche, 2009).

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Compressive Test Results
35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0% Water

0% Oil

10% Water
Day 7

Day 14

10% Oil
Day 28

20% Water

20% Oil

The
decreased
in
the
compressive strength may
also be attributed to the
weakening in the bond
strength between cement
paste and aggregate and
concrete matrix during curing
process. (Francis et al., 2010).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the research work done, the following
conclusions can be reached.
The

28 day compressive strength of concrete cured in

crude Oil was reduced by 35% when compared to
concrete cured in water

There was increase in the strength of concrete cured in

crude oil when glass powder was added

Glass powder is pozzolanic

RECOMMENDATIONS
Durability test should be conducted to verify the

permeability of the concrete cured in crude oil.

Curing can be done for a longer duration to study the

long term effect of the crude and glass powder on the

concrete samples.

THANK YOU

REFERENCES
Ajagbe, W.O., Agbede, O.A. and Dahunsi, B.I.O. (2012)

Effect of crude oil impacted sand on the properties of

concrete Procs 4th West Africa Built Environment Research
(WABER) Conference, 24-26 July 2012, Abuja, Nigeria, 177189.
Odufuwa, O.O. (2011). Improving the compressive strength
of crude oil impacted Sand concrete, Unpublished B.sc
thesis: Civil Engineering Department. University of Ibadan,
Ibadan.
Ramzi B.Abdul, et al (2000). Compressive and tensile
strength of concrete loaded and soaked in crude oil.
Engineering journal of the University of Qatar, vol.13, 2000
Ukoli, M.K., 2001. Environmental Factors in the
management of the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria posted in
web. (http://www.warmafloor.co.uk).