Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
Outline
How Did Juvenile Justice Develop in the United States?
Outline (cont.)
What Are the Juvenile Justice Agencies and Functions?
The Police
The Juvenile Courts
Corrections Departments
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cook County, 1899: Based on the premise of parens patriae, which allowed it to take charge of children.
Informal basis: Not structured like traditional courts
No courtrooms
Could be brought the court without criminal charges
Hearing and records not public
Proof of criminality not necessary
Court had wide discretion on actions
Attorneys not necessary
Due process rights suspended.
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt not required; hearsay evidence allowed.
Judge as father figure
Needs of child
History:
First juvenile institutions placed juveniles: Discretion
typically rested with the superintendents.
System was formalized in the 1890s
Professionalsearly 1900s
Underdeveloped today
Juvenile Justice in America, 5th Edition
Bartollas/Miller
Hint (pp.1819):
The police, the juvenile court, and corrections
make up the three subsystems.
Similarities:
Differences:
Juveniles can be arrested for acts that would not be criminal if they were adults
(status offenders).
Age determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court; age does not affect the
jurisdiction of the adult court.
Parents are deeply involved in the juvenile process but not in the adult process.
Juvenile court proceedings are more informal, while adult court proceedings
are formal and open to the public.
Juvenile court proceeding, unlike adult proceedings, are not considered
criminal; juvenile records are generally sealed when the age of majority is
reached. Adult records are permanent.
Juvenile courts cannot sentence juveniles to jail or prison; only adult courts
may issue such sentences.