Emerging Trends in Aerospace Industry: DR B Ashok, Deputy Project Director - ADA

Emerging Trends in Aerospace
1/11/2015
EMERGING TRENDS IN AEROSPACE

INDUSTRY
Dr B Ashok,
Deputy Project Director - ADA
1/11/2015
AGENDA
Videos
Facts about Supply and Demand for
engineers
Mechanical Engineering Overview and Skill
Shortfalls
Aerospace Industry trends, skills required
and oppurtunities
What they do not teach you at Colleges?
1/11/2015
FEW FACTS
Every year 3.5 Lakh Engineering Graduates pass out

23,000 Masters Degree
1000 PhD
Of which 30% Fresh Engineers are unemployed
Engineers per Million:
India ------------- 214
Soth Korea ---- 1435
Japan -------------765
China -------------340
Extreme Selectivity Of Top Institutes
Less than 1% BE by IIT
20% of Masters and 40% Phd by IIT/IISc
Less than 2% Btech / Masters students from IIT/IISc go for Higher Studies
in India
(Source -research, published by the Observer Research Foundation
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1/11/2015
ENGINEERS, ARE YOU EMPLOYABLE?
In 2011 India produced more than 5.0 Lakh Engineers

Of which less than 2.5% are Employable
Why ?
Theoretical Knowledge with lack of Practical Exposure
Lack Of English Fluency
Lack of Analytical Skills
Lack Of Communication skills
1/11/2015
SUPPLY OF SKILLED ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALS IN

SELECTED COUNTRIES
Source: Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR):
1/11/2015
ENGINEERING GRADUATES IN CHINA, INDIA AND UK, PER 100,000 OF POPULATION
Source: World Bank statistics/population/China (2009) and India (2009)
1/11/2015
PERCENTAGE OF CHINESE AND INDIAN WORKERS REPORTED

TO BE LACKING SKILLS IN SELECTED AREAS
1/11/2015
SEATS INTAKE (SOURCE; AICTE)
ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
DIPLOMA
770509
767690
577562
446676
324314
DOCTOR OF
PHILOSOPHY
367
367
325
305
305
POST DIPLOMA
2962
2882
1872
1872
1472
POST GRADUATE
61029
47378
34788
29342
25303
POST GRADUATE
CERTIFICATE
120
120
POST GRADUATE
DIPLOMA
1655
1625
865
835
715
UG 2nd Yr DIRECT
2671
1219
688
580
580
UNDER GRADUATE
1066489
962150
784170
607673
473102
1905802
1783431
1400270
1087283
825791
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Total
1/11/2015
DISCIPLINE WISE INTAKE
1/11/2015
DISCIPLINE WISE BREAK UP US

(2006)
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1/11/2015
DISCIPLINE WISE BREAK INDIA (2006)
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1/11/2015
MECHANICAL ENGG OVERVIEW

Design FEM, CAD /CAM/CAE,MOD
Fluid Mechanics and its variants
Heat transfer , refrigeration A/c,
IC Engines, Gas Turbines
Accoustics, optics, ESA, Rotating M/c
Nano technology, MEMS, Energy
Robotics, Rotating M/c, Reliability, RP,
Biomechanics,Production technology etc
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1/11/2015
CRITICAL SHORTFALL
Ability to integrate electronics and do
integrated system analysis
Knowledge of Embedded systems and FPGA
Transition from Newtonian mechanics to
nano / quantum mechanics
Integrated Design approach and holistic
customer centric approach
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1/11/2015
WHAT IS AEROSPACE ENGG?

Aircraft Civilian and Defense
Space Craft
Rockets
Helicopters
Ground Support, Maintainance and other
services as luggage transfer, ticketing etc.
High Flying and Glamarous
14
1/11/2015
FROM A TECHNICAL VIEWPOINT

Aircraft technology is a cocktail of all leading
edge technologies (Electrical, electronics,
fluidmechanics, structural, materials, control,
automation etc)
Todays Aircraft are controlled by Computers
Civil Aircraft integrates with ATC and Military
Aircraft with weapon systems
15
1/11/2015
WHAT DOES AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER DO?
Design and build aircrafts, such as commercial or

military airplanes
Spacecraft
Design different kinds of machines, build them, and test
to make sure they can do what they are supposed to.
Designs have to be very exact, and they have to solve all
kinds of problems before the airplane is built.
For example, they have to figure out not only what
equipment an aircraft needs, but also what materials it
will use, how much the equipment weighs and exactly
how much space it will take up in the aircraft.
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1/11/2015
TASKS
1.Designs products and systems, including testing methods,

production costs, quality standards, and completion dates.
2.Reviews the products to determine if there are any
damages or problems.
3.Writes documents, reports, or handbook for customers
and staff.
4.Maintains records of performance for future reference.
5.Improves production methods and tries to reduce the cost.
17
1/11/2015
SKILLS
Mathematics-need to be able to solve problems

Science-use scientific rules and methods to solve problems
Active Learning-need to be able to learn quick and use new information
for current and future problems and decision making.
Reading Comprehension-understand directions, written sentences and
paragraphs.
Technology Design-be able to use today's technology to make your job
easier.
Quality Control Analysis-be able to conduct tests, to prove your thinking,
or test safety.
Critical Thinking-use logic to identify the strengths and weaknesses of
your projects.
18
1/11/2015
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1/11/2015
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Aerodynamics
Performance
Determine drag, range, fuel use, airspeed, altitude
Stability
& Control
Determine flying qualities, math model of aircraft

dynamics, spin analysis
CFD
Computational Fluid Dynamics uses computing to calculate

data similar to that collected in a wind tunnel
20
1/11/2015
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Analytical
Aerodynamics
Performance
Stability & Control
CFD
Guidance and Control

Strength
Loads
Propulsion
Structural Dynamics
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1/11/2015
IN CIVIL AEROSPACE
Air Traffic Management
Airport Management
Evolve Dynamic models as Seats are
Perishable
Highly regulated in terms of Maintainance
and Procedures
Advanced Financial Engineering for A/c
Purchase, Hedging etc
22
1/11/2015
HIGHLIGHT CASE STUDIES ON INSTABILITY
Types of instability:
Funding/orders
Shift from R&D to production

funds
Fluctuations in demand for
primary product in facility
Organizational
Acquisition/layoffs
Mergers/restructuring
Relocation of products
among facilities
Two-tier relationship
between sister facilities
Technology
Changes in customer
requirements
Shifts in materials
Rapid pace of change in
computer capabilities)
Environmental constraints
Demographics -retirements/gaps in past

hiring, skill shortages
Turnover -- management,
engineering, and hourly
23
1/11/2015
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING EMPLOYERS
Government
HAL, BEL, BEML, DRDO , NASA, DGCA, AAI
Private Industry
Civil Aviation, General Aviation, Military Aircraft,

Spacecraft, Aerospace Divisions of Pvt Sectors (All major
softwares)
(Mahindra, Taneja, etc)
Academia
Teaching, Research
24
1/11/2015
UNIQUE NATURE OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRY
Long gestation period between concept to

induction
Low volumes/ High value components/products
hence high risk
Oligopolistic Market Excess Dependence on
Govt. and Large Buyers
In Civil A paradox of excess demand and poor
profitability of Airline Companies
Perfect place to apply Game theory and
advanced pricing models.
25
1/11/2015
DECLINING EXPERIENCE LEVELS -- MILITARY AIRCRAFT

PROGRAMS
40 Year Career Span
XP5Y
A2D
XC120
F4D
F3H
B52
A3D
X3
S2F
X2
F10F
F2Y
F100
B57
F102
R3Y1
F104
A4D
B66
F11F
C130
F101
T37
XFY
F8U
F6M1
U2
SY3
F105
X13
C133
F107
B58
F106
F5D
X14
C140
T2
F4
A5
T39
T38
AQ1
X15
F5A
X1B
Retired
Retired
Experience: 6+ Programs
Retiring
Experience: 1-2 Programs
Mid Career
Very
Few
Experience: 1 Program
A6
B52
SR71
SC4A
X21
X19
C141
B70
XC142
F111
A7
OV10
X22
X26B
X5A
X24
F14
S8
YA9
A10
F15
F18
YF-17
B1
YC15
YC14
AV8b
F/A18
We believe that a declining experience

level has been a contributing factor to the
problems we observe in many recent aircraft
programs.
RAND
F117
F20
X29
T46
T45
B2
V22
F22 EMD
YF22
YF23
JSF X36
JSF X37
C17
JSF EMD
UCAV
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Source: RAND Study (chart by Northrop Grumman) -- Vertical Bars: Military Aircraft Program Starts
BX
2030s
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1/11/2015
FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN THE NATURE OF

WORK
Social
Systems
Technical
Systems
Craft Production
Decentralized Enterprises
Mastery of Craft
Custom Manufacture
Specialized Tools
Mass Production
Vertical Hierarchies Assembly Line

Scientific management
Interchangeable Parts
Knowledge-Driven Work
Global, Network Alliances

Team-Based Work Systems
Flexible Specialization
Information Systems
Adapted from: Knowledge-Driven Work: Unexpected Lessons from Japanese and United States Work Practices (Oxford University Press, 1998)
27
1/11/2015
SALES AND EMPLOYMENT

1,600,000
$160,000,000
1,400,000
$140,000,000
1,200,000
$120,000,000
1,000,000
$100,000,000
800,000
$80,000,000
600,000
$60,000,000
400,000
$40,000,000
Sales (thousands)
Employement
Aerospace Aircraft Sales and Employment: 1960-2000
Total Employment
200,000
0
1960
$20,000,000
Sales (Deflated, 1992=100)
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
$0
2000
(source: Aerospace Industries Association, Aerospace Facts and Figures, 2000 )
28
1/11/2015
WHAT THEY DO NOT TEACH YOU IN COLLEGES ?
How to collaborate and work as a team

How to be persistent
How to accept failures and learn from the same
How to be loyal to your profession, principles
and ethics
How to respect your fellow colleagues
How to set goals and manage time
How to spread an idea and basic marketing
How to adopt continuous Learning
How to be successful in life
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FAMOUS FAILURES - COLONEL SANDERS
1/11/2015
Founder of KFC - He drove around the country knocking on doors, sleeping in his
car, wearing his white suit. Do you know how many times people said no till he
got one yes? 1009 times!
30
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES - WALT DISNEY
The man who gave us Disney World and Mickey Mouse. His first animation
company went banktrupt. He was fired by a news editor cause he lacked
imagination. Legend has it he was turned down 302 times before he got
financing for creating Disney World
31
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES - ALBERT EISTEIN
He didnt speak till he was four and didnt read till seven. His parents and
teachers thought he was mentally handicapped. He only turned out to win a
Nobel prize and be the face of modern physics.
32
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES - RICHARD BRANSON
Hes a billionaire mogul of Virgin but has had his share of failures.
Remember Virgin Cola or Virgin credit cards? Probably not. Hes
lost hundreds of millions of dollars but has not let failure stop him.
33
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES - STEVEN SPIELBERG
He applied and was denied two times to the prestigious University of

Southern California film school. Instead he went to Cal State University
in Long Beach.
He went on to direct some of the biggest movie blockbusters in history.
Now hes worth $2.7 billion and in 1994 got an honorary degree from
the film school that rejected him twice
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1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES ABRAHAM LINCOLN
Abraham Lincoln, received no more than 5 years of formal education

throughout his lifetime. When he grew up, he joined politics and had 12
major failures before he was elected the 16th President of the United
States of America.
35
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES DHIRUBHAI AMBANI
From petrol pump attender to an outstanding Business Magnate
36
1/11/2015
FAMOUS FAILURES ANIL AGARWAL
Son of a small time business man. From being a school dropout to

head of 3.5 billion dollar Vedanta Empire.
37
1/11/2015
INGREDIENTS OF SUCCESS
Persistence and self confidence

Power of Observation
Constant Reading
Being Passionate
Learn from failures
Constantly review yourself
As you go up the ladder learn humility
Constantly cultivate as many people as possible
Membership of professional Societies / Peer
Groups
38
1/11/2015
Wishing You The Best
LETS BE IN TOUCH --------- ashoktwinn@yahoo.com

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