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In the name of Allah , the Beneficent, the Merciful.

ELECTRICAL WORK OF HALY


TOWER

CONTENTS
High tension
11KV Wapda panel
11KV Consumer panel
Power transformer

low tension
Diesel Generator set (D.G set)
Auto synchronizing and auto load sharing panel (8x600 KVA)
Automatic Changeover

L.T Distribution board


Power factor improvement device
AVR
Al bus way system
L.T cable, light fixture, conduits and cable, switch fitting & accessoris
Lightening protection
Earthing

High tension
Vacuum circuit breaker.
(630 amp, 12kv, 25KA at 95KV BIL).

Current transformer.
100/5 amp for metering
100/5 amp for protection

Voltage transformer.
11000/110, 100 VA burden

Protection relay.
IDMT

Buclez relay.
For transformer protection panel

Instruments.
KWH meter with M.D.I.
KVARH meter.
Set of on-off indication lamp.
Set of instrumentation fuses.
Voltmeter.
Ammeter.
Voltmeter selector switch.
Ammeter selector switch.

Power transformer
Principle data of power transformer

The T.F shall be three phase, step down, oil filled, self cooled, core
type, double wound, suitable of parallel operation, and for indoor
installation
Voltage ration at no load
11000/415
Frequency
50HZ
Vector group DYN-11
Off load tapping arrangement on H.T side +-2.5%, +-5%, -7.5%
H.T connection 11 KV Delta
L.T connection
415 v Star
Neutral on L.T side earthed solidly earthed
Temp rise of oil 40o C maximum
Temp rise of winding 50o c maximum
Impedance voltage 5% to 6%
Voltage regulation
not to exceed 2.5% of no load secondary
voltage at 0.85 P.F
Rated maximum voltage H.T/L.T
15 KV/0.6 KV
Rated basic impulse level
95 KV
Cooling
(ONAN)

AUTO SYNCHRONIZING AND AUTO LOAD SHARING

Before two or more A.C. supplies can be closed together in


parallel, the frequency, voltage and phase of the supplies must
be matched as closely together as possible. Collectively,
frequency and voltage matching are known as synchronization.
There are five conditions that must be met before the
synchronization process takes place. The source (generator or
sub-network) must have equalline voltage,frequency,phase
sequence,phase angle, andwaveform to that of the system to
which it is being synchronized.
Typically, a frequency difference (called slip frequency) of
0.1Hz, a voltage difference of 5% and a phase angle of 5% will
allow for satisfactory paralleling of the supplies

Voltage level is control by AVR.


Frequency of Voltages is function of RPM intern of fuel.
Fuel is control by Governor . i. e. frequency is control by
Governor

Synchronizing Mode

Synchronizing in AUTO mode

Synchronizing in MANUAL mode

Conditions for Starting Synchronizing

The PLC also checks the synchronizing conditions both in AUTO and in MANUAL
mode. These synchronizing conditions are:

Engine is running
Generator voltage is on
Excitation is on
Generator breaker is open
Breaker trip alarm is inactive and breaker trip circuit has been acknowledged.
Bus bar voltage is on
No other synchronizing is active

If any of these conditions is not valid when the synchronizing should start,
the synchronizing will not be initiated. After removing the fault, the
operator has the possibility to reinitiate the synchronizing by Engine Start
command (if in AUTO mode) or by Synchronizing select switch.
If the bus bar is not alive, synchronizing is not possible

For parallel operation


Automatic synchronizing of 8x600 KVA D.G set
Voltage/ frequency/ phase angle control
When mains are healthy, 4 DGs remain in the standby mode

When mains fail


Line Voltage Monitor (L.V.M.) senses. Starting pulses are given

to the Master D.G. Set. (Master D.G.Set is automatically


selected by programmer.)
After satisfactory starting of the D.G.Set 1, voltage is sensed
by Generator Voltage Monitor (G.V.M.). If voltage is healthy,
then closing signal is given to D.G.1 breaker and it is closed.
Synchronizing Panel gives corresponding pulses to start load
automatically.
If the load reaches & crosses 80 % of the rated capacity of the
D.G. 1, then starting pulses are given to the second D.G.set by
P.L.C.
When D.G.2 starts, then again G.V.M. checks the voltage, and if
voltage is healthy, then breaker 2 is closed.

After closing of the second breaker, Auto load sharing function


starts sharing the load between the two D.G.Sets. The percentage
of sharing is directly proportional to their individual capacities.
Since sharing is proportional to their respective capacities, even
D.G.sets of different capacities can be synchronized successfully.
D.G.sets continue to run in Synchronization until the load is above
80 % of any one D.G. set.
When load comes below 80 % of any one D.G. set, then the
automatic signal is given to that D.G. & then it starts taking the
full load.
After transferring the total load to one D.G. (on which 80 % load is
to be connected), the breaker of the second D.G.is opened. Now
one D.G.is taking the load
The second D.G. is then stopped after its cooling period.
When mains are resumed, then load is transferred to the mains &
both the D.G.sets are stopped after their cooling period.
The total Automatic operation has a manual override. In manual
mode, the total operation can be performed manually
Auto load shedding facility can be incorporated by suitable
programming of PLC. With this facility, various loads can be
brought in or switched off at particular time or for various
intervals.

Auto Load Sharing

Sensing both active & reactive power will perform auto load
sharing. The percentage loading of a particular DG will be
fed by MMI. This feature is important when synchronization
is done between new and old, or between DGs of different
ratings. New DG is normally has high loading factor than a
old DG. PLC will allow only predefined loading to all the
DGs

Load Management System

Load management system is designed for auto start/ stop


for the slave DG sets as per the load requirement i.e. in
case of running DG sets being over load (more than 80%)
then PLC will start the next DG sets after a pre-defined time
delay. After starting the DG set PLC will take care the
synchronization and proper load sharing as per DG rating.
In case running DG sets being under load (less than 60%)
then PLC will stop the one DG set after transferring the load
on another running DG sets

Master D.G:

PLC system will monitor the Grid Failure signal through


under voltage relay. As soon as GRID supply fails, PLC will
start master DG set and after getting the proper voltage
and frequency, PLC will close the first neutral contactor and
then DG incomer MCCB automatically after ensuring the T/F
ACB is in trip condition.

Slave D.G:

Slave DG, start/ stop will be done as per Load Management


system. After starting the slave DG set, PLC will compare
the Voltage, Frequency and Phase angle between
Synchronizing bus & reference bus. After matching these
parameters PLC will close the slave DG ACB/ MCCB
automatically. Load sharing will be also done by PLC
automatically.

SYSTEM FEATURES
The system is designed run in AUTO as well as in MANUAL mode.
In auto mode the system will run automatically with predefined
sequence and in manual mode all the operation will be done as
per the sequence will be defined by operator.
DGs will be started & stopped automatically as per the load
requirement on the main bus.
Selection of DGs for DG start stop automatically on sudden load
requirement.
Automatic synchronization of DG sets in Auto mode
Active & reactive Load sharing of each DG set
Automatic selection of Next DG as master after stopping /
tripping of master DG to close NGR circuit.
Monitoring of electrical parameter of each DG, voltage,
frequency, reactive load, active load, energy produced, voltage
error (%), frequency error and phase angle error etc.
Status & control of outgoing breakers
Back up protection electrical / mechanical by time delayed
tripping of Dg sets.

Reverse power; reverse KVAR, under voltage, over voltage,


under frequency, over frequency, over current, low lube of oil
pressure, high cooling water pump, over speed etc.
Data acquisition system will be incorporated with the system for
the purpose of recording & display of all important & critical
parameters of the engine, alternator & system as such in
totality. Operation of the system will also be through operator
interface with graphics screen into PC Pentium computer.
B checks alarm after each DG complete 300 hours of running
for proper maintenance.
Tripping of non-critical loads in the plant in case of under
frequency of bus both in isolation as well as synchronized mode.
Control of all auxiliary drive of DG sets will start stop
automatically with proper interlocks as per safety
considerations.
PLC system will have provision to test the DG in auto mode
without closing the breaker to do the routine electrical /
mechanical testing of DG sets without interruption of power
generation

MULTI SET COMMUNICATIONS (MSC) LINK

The Multi Set Communications (MSC) link in use with DSE


synchronizing and load sharing modules performs many
functions including load sharing and protection.
SYNCHRONISING
LOAD SHARING
Active (kW)
Reactive (kVAR)

START/STOP ON LOAD DEMAND


Starting sequence
Run Priority
Balance engine hours

MSC ALARMS
MSC ID ALARM
MSC DATA ERROR
MSC FAILURE

ADVANTAGES OF AUTO SYNCHRONISING

Changing of logic is very easy because of changes are


made through software only. There is no changing of wires,
adding of components like relays, contactors, which is very
time consuming, cumbersome & requiring additional space.
For any type of load addition or reduction, manual
intervention as regards D.G.set operation is not required.
However, in case of emergency manual override is possible.
Because of KW dependent load sharing, optimum utilization
of D.G. sets are possible. This increases D.G. sets efficiency
& saves lot of fuel.
Use of PLC reduces no. of relays, contactors, wiring etc. This
reduces fault points & increases the MTBF of the system.
All the future changes / modifications can be easily made
through software only.

Automatic Changeover
Mains source failure
Automatic Changeover Switch panel is designed to monitor & to
start Generator control panel automatically when the mains source
fails partially or fully. The control panel provides a potential-free
contact output & provides signal to the remote generator control

panel to enable automatic start of the generator .


On sensing that the generator is running at correct output the
changeover switch changes over from the mains position to
generator position, thereby transferring the site load.

When Mains restores


L.V.M. checks the mains for its healthiness, the generator is then
disconnected from the load and automatic changeover back to the
mains source takes place. Load is now connected to the mains.
Gen set is then run for about 5 minutes time set, on no load and it
is stopped automatically

AMF Panel
AMF Control panel is designed to monitor & to start Generator
automatically when the mains source fails partially or fully.
When mains fail, then it is sensed by Line Voltage Monitor
(L.V.M.) and three starting pulses are given to Gen set.
If Genset does not start within three attempts, then STARTING
FAILURE alarm is sounded and stop signal is given to Genset
to stop it fully & no start signals are given further.
When Genset starts successfully, it builds up the rated
voltage and Genset contactor/breaker is closed automatically.
The load then is switched on / transferred to the Genset.
When Mains restores, which is checked by L.V.M. for its
healthiness, the generator is then disconnected from the load
and automatic transfer back to the mains source takes place.
Load is now connected to the mains.
Genset is then run for about 5 minutes time set, on no load
and it is stopped automatically.
Safeties like L.L.O.P., H.W.T. and over speed are operative
when the Genset is running. For any of the above faults,
Genset stops immediately.
Automatic function can be totally by-passed and Genset can
be started-stopped in manual mode also.

Indication for the following

Low oil press


High room temp.
Over speed
Fail to start
DC battery REV POLARITY
Engine hours run counter
RPM
Frequency
Voltage
Current
Engine temperature

Shutdown Protections

Low oil press


High room temp
Over speed
Fail to start
Under speed
Over current
Blower failure
Earth fault

PANEL ACCESSORIES

1 Voltmeter
3- Ammeter
1- Freq.
RPM meter
Fail to start
1- Battery voltmeter
1-Engine hours run counter
1- Oil press. Gauge
1- Engine temp. gauge
3- C.T. above 100 A
1- voltmeter sel.
1- Electronic generator control module fully programmable with Control
key switch Off / Run / Start (OPTIONAL)
1- MCB / MCCB
4- AC and DC fuses
1- Control terminals
1- Neutral terminal
1- Set of AV mounts (OPTIONAL)
2- 20/30 amp rated relays for fuel and start solenoids

Low Tension distribution boards


Bus bar
Air circuit Breaker (ACB)
Moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB)
Miniature circuit breaker (MCB)
Push buttons
AC voltmeter
Ammeter
Voltmeter selector switch
Ammeter selector switch
Current transformer
Air break magnetic contactors
Indication lamps

Power factor improvement device

Power factor control panel


Main incoming isolating switch
Automatic microprocessor based power factor
controller ( front on the panel)
L.V power factor improvement capacitor, arrange in
suitable number of steps.
3 pole contractor
H.R.C fuses
Over voltage protection relay
Copper bus bar (main incoming connection)
Fan along with filter

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