Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Alkenes
Structure,
Nomenclature, and
an introduction to
Reactivity
Thermodynamics
and Kinetics
Paula Yurkanis Bruice
University of California,
Santa Barbara
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
CnH2n+2 =
C8H18
Saturated and
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Dienes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
Nomenclature of Alkenes
cis
trans
Z = Zusammen (together)
E = Entgegen (opposite)
Relative Priorities
E and Z
E and Z
Electrophiles
An electrophile has
a positive charge,
a partial positive charge,
or an incomplete octet.
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Nucleophiles
A nucleophile has
a negative charge
or a lone pair.
Curved Arrows
Curved Arrows
The curved arrow shows where the electrons start from and where they end up.
Calculating H
Rate of a Reaction
eEa/RT
The term eEa/RT provides the reaction of molecules with
the needed activation energy at a given temperature (T).
The rate-limiting step of the reaction is the step that has its transition state
at the highest point of the reaction coordinate diagram.
A Catalyst
A catalyst does not change the energy of the starting point (the reactants)
or the energy of the end point (the products).
Enzymes
Most biological reactions require a catalyst.
Most biological catalysts are proteins called enzymes.