Do Now

Why are some objects

or liquids more dense
than others?
ObjectiveUnderstanding Atoms

Properties of
Matter

Matter
You need to

remember that all

MATTER is made up
of Atoms.
Matter has mass and
takes up space

Particles of Matter
Atoms The smallest particle of an Element

that retains the chemical properties of that

element
Democritus 400 BC, a Greek philosopher
that coined the term atomos which means
uncuttable, indivisible

Atoms
All solids, liquids and gases are made up of

ATOMS
To be able to understand a little more about
an ATOM think of a Drop of Water
Scientists say in 1 drop of water, there are 6
sextillion atoms- 6x10^21
(6000000000000000000000)

Do Now
Please list the 4 parts that make up an atom
Objective: SWBAT- Understand the structure of
an Atom

Atoms are

What makes up a Atom?

composed of three
types of particles(i.e-parts )
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
The Neutrons and
Protons are found
in the Nucleus
(which is the heart
of the Atom

Neutrons
Are found in the nucleus

of an atom
Neutrons have no
charge, They are
Neutral
The number of Neutrons
will vary
Dont be tricked its not
a negative charge, think
Neutron=Neutral

Protons
They are also found

in the Nucleus of an
atom
Protons have a

positive (+) charge

Way to remember

THINK
Proton=Positive

Electrons

Electrons are found on

the outside of the

nucleus. They orbit
around the nucleus.
They have a negative
charge (-).
The mass of an
electron is very small
The more electrons
the more negative an
atom, the less
electrons the more
positive an atoms is.

Do Now- Name the 3 parts of the atom and

the charges each give of

Electrons-They have a negative charge (-).

Neutrons- The have neutral
Protons- Have a positive
SWBAT- Know the diferences between

compounds and molecules

John Dalton -1802 - The Atomic

Theory
Atoms can not be broken into smaller pieces atoms

are like a solid marble (Not entirely accurate)

Compounds are always composed of whole number

proportions of elements ie CO2 Carbon dioxide, H2O

Water, C6H12O6 Glucose, NaCl Table Salt (this one is
true also)

The basic particle of an

Element is the Atom H, He,
Fe, etc
The basic particle of a
Compound is the Molecule a
group of atoms that are
chemically
bonded and act as a single unit
until the bonds are broken: CO ,

REVIEW
https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand

chemistry/atoms/

Compounds
A Compound is a molecule

that at least 2 different

elements.

Molecule
A molecule is formed when two or more

atoms join together chemically. A

compound is a molecule that contains at
least two different elements.
All compounds are molecules but not all
molecules are compounds.

Compounds
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen

(O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not

compounds because each is composed of a
single element.
Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane (CH4) are compounds because each
is made from more than one element. The
smallest bit of each of these substances would
be referred to as a molecule.

An atom refresher
An atom has three

parts:
Proton = positive
Neutron = no charge
Electron = negative
The proton & neutron

are found in the center

of the atom, a place
called the nucleus.
The electrons orbit the
nucleus.

Picture from
http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model
_03.gif

Do Now: Is this a compound or a molecule?

Explain why
He4 .CH4
He4= Molecule- single element
CH4= Compound- 2 or more elements
SWBAT- Explain why elements are sometimes

called the building blocks of matter

Isotope

Periodic Table
Atomic Number:
Number of protons
and it is also the
number of
electrons in an
atom of an
element.
Elements
Symbol:
An abbreviation for
the element.
Elements Name

Atomic Mass/Weight:
Number of protons +
neutrons.

O
Oxyge
n
16

Atom Models
There are two models of the atoms we will see

in class.
Bohr Model
Lewis Dot Structure

Bohr Model
The Bohr Model shows all

of the particles in the

atom.
In the center is circles.
Each circle represents a
single neutron or proton.
Protons should have a
plus or P written on them.
Neutrons should be blank
or have an N.
In a circle around the
nucleus are the electrons.
Electrons should have a
minus sign or an e.

+
+

Electrons have special

rules.

You cant just shove all of the electrons

into the first orbit of an electron.

Electrons live in something called
shells or energy levels.
Only so many can be in any certain
shell.
The electrons in the outer most shell of
any element are called valance
electrons.

Nucleus
1st shell

2nd shell
3rd shell

Adapted from http://www.sciencespot.net/Media/atomsfam.pdf

So lets try it.

How to draw a Lithium atom
First, look at the Periodic Table
Second, determine the number of

protons (Look @ the atomic

number)
Then determine the number of
neutrons (Atomic mass atomic
number)
Then determine the number of
electrons (Look @ the atomic
number)

Li
Lithium
7

So lets try it.

Protons =
3
3

Li

+ +

Lithium

Electrons = 3
2 in the 1 shell, 1 in the 2
shell
st

nd

Neutrons = 4
(7-3=4)

Lewis Dot Structure

The Lewis Dot

Structure is a
bit diferent
from the Bohr
model.
It only shows
the element
symbol and its
outer most
electron shell.

+
+ + +

+ + +
+
-

How to

1. Write the

symbol.
2. Start on the
right hand
side,
working your
way
clockwise
around the
symbol.
3. Try Lithium