Education in Pakistan

Dr. Waseem Anwar

Contents
PART - I

Definition of Education

Constitution of Pakistan

PART II

Education Scenario

Education Policy

Definition of Education
The definition of education in common
usage,

that

delivery

of

education

is

knowledge,

merely

the

skills

and

information from teachers to students, is

inadequate to capture what is really
important
educated.

about

being

and

becoming

The proper definition of education is

the process of becoming an
educated person.
Being an educated person means
you have access to optimal states of
mind regardless of the situation you
are in.

Constitution of Pakistan

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of

Pakistan, 1973 Article 37-b
The State shall remove illiteracy and
provide free and compulsory
secondary education within
minimum possible period

Concurrent Legislative List:

Curriculum, syllabus, planning,
policy, centers of excellence,
standard of education & Islamic
education

PART II
EDUCATION SCENARIO

Human Development Index

Country

Ranking
(out of 177 countries)
2005 2006 2007

Iran

99

96

94

Sri Lanka

93

93

99

Maldives

96

98

100

India 127

126

128

Bhutan

134

135

133

Pakistan

135

134

136

Bangladesh 139

137

140

Nepal 136

142

138

Literacy Rates
Literacy Definition
(As in 1998 Census)

The ability of a person who

can read a newspaper and
write a simple letter in any
language

Literacy Rates
PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67 %,Female = 42%)
Province Literacy Rate
Punjab=

60.2%

Sindh =

57.7%

NWFP =

49.9%

Balochistan =

48.8%

Educational Institutions by Level

Level Total Public Private
Pre-primary 1,081 287 794
Mosque school
14,123 14,035 88
Primary
122,349
105,526
Middle
38,449 14,334 24,115
Secondary 25,090 10,550 14,540
British System
281
11
270
NFBE 4,831 2,008 2,823
Inter & Degree Colleges
Universities 116
Technical/ Professional
Vocational 3,059

Deeni Madaris

16,823

1,882 1,025 857

59
57
1257 426
831
916
2,143
12,153 354
11,799

Others

3,120 2,241 879

TOTAL227,791
151,77(67%) 76,019

(33%)

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type # of Institutions

Urdu

English Sindhi

Total

227,791

14806

Public

151,744

103,186 3,035 33,384

Private

76,047

43,347 21,29 3,521

2277

3416

Others
22779
12,139

9,886

EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

Challenges
Weakened Governance
Fragmentation
Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier
Relationships
Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers
Quality of curriculum, textbooks &
exams
Low level of literacy
Out of school children
Dropouts

Challenges

Public Private Partnership

In-adequate financing
Gender Equity
Poor monitoring & evaluation
Imbalance in primary, middle &
secondary schools
Inconvenient school location

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL

EDUCATION PLAN
Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education
Promotion of Equity
Minimum National Standards
Relevance to Labour Market
Sector Planning
Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018
Encourage Private sector
Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education
Improve Planning, Management and Implementation
Capacity
Donor Harmonisation
Overcoming Fragmented Governance

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL

EDUCATION PLAN
Bridging the Public Private Divide
Improved Examination System
Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) &
inclusive education.
Achieve the MDG goals.
All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level
Well developed plan for expanding school facilities.
High priority to reducing drop out rates
Improved school environment
Career Counselling at higher secondary level
Develop national literacy curriculum
Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL

EDUCATION PLAN
Pre-service & in-service teacher training
Accreditation and certification of teachers
Merit based teacher recruitment, professional
development, promotions & postings
Curriculum development
Competitive publishing of textbooks and
learning materials
District Education Boards to be established for
managing schools
Separate management & academic cadres

Allocation of Funds to Education:

Year 2009-10
Non-Development

(Rs. in million)
Development
Total

1. Ministry of Education

1,824.426

3,122.459

4,946.885

2. Higher Education
Commission

7,045.608

9,104.436

16,150.044

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education

a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris)
b. Education Sector Reforms Program
c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan

1449.000
800.00
170.510

AJK and FATA

d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU

84.670

e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS)

71.530

f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah

50.000
Continue

(Rs. In million)

g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur

50.000

h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges

45.000

i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions

to the level of Islamabad Model Schools

40.000

j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to

reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)

39.329

Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

1. Tripartite Partnership:
The role of family, the community and the State. All
need to be mobilized.

2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:

3. Provision of Free Textbooks:
4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl
Students:
5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools
Particularly in Rural Areas.
Continue

6. Teachers Status and Recruitment of Female

Teachers:
Better status and pay for teachers.
Experience has demonstrated that schools with female
teachers function well particularly at Primary level.

7. Improvement in Learning Environment:

Better infrastructure through School Management
Councils.

8. Technical / Vocational Education:

It is important to provide demand related skills.

9. Instructional Methods:
Emphasis must be given on development of analytical
faculties of the students.
Continue

10. Teachers Training and Knowledge:

To improve teachers knowledge of the subject
and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching
skills.

11. English Language:

Introduction of English from Class I.
Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching
of science subjects in English at public secondary
schools.

Thank You All