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Materials
Introduction to D ental
M aterials
Science of Dental Materials is an
AIM O F TH E SU BJECT
Since dentistry is considered both as an art and science subject
therefore, the aim of science of dental materials is to stress
upon the principles involved in the use of dental materials. The
main requirements for dental materials in general are as under Why materials react and behave as they do?
What manipulative techniques are used?
How variation in techniques effect their properties?
What is the effect of material on its environment?
What is the nature of the interface between the synthetic
material and oral tissues?
What is the effect of oral environment on the material?
What is the appearance of materials?
What other properties are important?
Is the material easy and convenient to use?
D EN TAL M ATERIALS
Requirements of Materials
Selection of Materials
Handling of Materials
Evaluation of Materials
Application of Materials
Classification of Materials
SELECTIO N O F M ATERIALS
Since variety of materials are
restoration
Selection is subjected to the need
H AN D LIN G O F M ATERIALS
Direct materials (filling materials)
materials)
-Standard specification
-Laboratory evaluation
-Clinical trials
Criteria for Selection
APPLICATIO N O F M ATERIALS
Varies from material to material
CLASSIFICATIO N O F
M ATERIALS
Ceramics
Metals
Polymers
Composites
CERAM ICS
They are simple or
complex combinations
of metallic or nonmetallic elements of
periodic table
Characteristically they
are hard & abrasive
Examples are
Alumina, Tungsten
Carbide & Silica
M ETALS
Metals are usually:
Hard
Lustrous
Dense
Good conductors of heat & electricity
Ductile & malleable
They are electropositive i.e., they give
positive ions in solutions
Of over 100 elements in the PERIODIC
table, some 68 are metals
M ETALS
Metals can occur either as pure elements, or in
compounds with other elements in ores. For
example:
Gold occurs as pure metal
Silver occurs as pure metal
Copper seldom occurs as pure metal
Metals can be produced by the following
methods
Thermal methods
Hydrometallurgical methods
Thermo-electrolytic methods
PO LYM ERS
Polymers are long-chain molecules consisting of many
materials
Natural materials include proteins, polysaccharides
Polym ers
Synthetic materials includes polythene, nylon and
bakelite.
Organic compounds found in fossil fuels, as gas, oil,
CO M PO SITES
Composite materials (also called
M ATERIALS U SED