Sex, Gender and

Development

Awareness Building on Risky

Behaviors with Focus on Teen
Pregnancy
Peer Education Training for Tanza National Comprehensive
High School
October 22-24, 2014, Hotel H2O, Manila
GLENN BEDE A. BENABLO
Regional Cluster Advisor
USAIDs LuzonHealth Project, RTI International

Outline
Gender vs. Sex
Gender and
development
Meaning of development
Capability to be and
to do

Gender equality
LuzonHealth November 2013

Gender vs. Sex

LuzonHealth November 2013

Gender vs. Sex

BOY
Strong
Penis
Mabilis
Sporty
Breadwinner
Nakakabuntis
Short Haired
Macho
Head of Family
Matapang

GIRL
Malamya
Sexy
Vagina
Mabagal
Makinis
Stays at home
Nanganganak
Mahaba ang Buhok
Ilaw ng Tahanan
Breastmilk

LuzonHealth November 2013

Gender vs. Sex

BOY
Strong
Penis
Mabilis
Sporty
Breadwinner
Nakakabuntis
Short Haired
Macho
Head of Family
Matapang

GIRL
Mahinhin
Sexy
Vagina
Mabagal
Makinis
Stays at home
Nanganganak
Mahaba ang Buhok
Ilaw ng Tahanan
Breastmilk

LuzonHealth November 2013

Gender vs. Sex

"Sex"refers to the biological and
physiological characteristics that
define men and women.
"Gender"refers to the socially
constructed roles, behaviors,
activities, and attributes that a
given society considers
appropriate for men and women

(WHO 2001)

LuzonHealth November 2013

To put it another
way:
Male and female:
are sex categories, while
Masculine and Feminine:
are gender categories
.
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Some examples of sex

characteristics :
Women menstruate while men do not
Men have testicles while women do not
Women have developed breasts that are
usually capable of lactating, while men
have not
Men generally have more massive bones
than women

Some examples of Gender

characteristics :
In the Philippines, women are multi-tasked,
they are not just child bearers and
homemakers but economic providers as well.
They have double burden in ensuring their
families economic security and well-being
In Viet Nam, many more men than women
smoke, as female smoking has not
traditionally been considered appropriate
In Saudi Arabia men are allowed to drive cars
while women are not
In most of the world, women do more
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housework than men

Female Socialization
Womanhood just happens not achieved
Need to be sheltered from work physical
exertion would weaken the uterus Narrow
gender socialization (traditional cultures)
Should shelter her developing sexuality
would entice males (who we know cant be
controlled) Narrow sexual socialization,
traditional and modern cultures). Only in
modern times are girls typically informed of
menarche.
Typically work with mother, and remain close
to her, throughout life modified by marriage
Techniques for enhancing appearance

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makeup, corsets, hose (foot binding in China)

Male Socialization
Manhood must be earned demonstrated
Communal manhood historical, nontraditional join the tribe the males run the community
males need to demonstrate desire & ability to
believe in and carry on the traditions inherit the
rules and the farm modern Fraternities
Provide, Protect, Procreate
Develop character qualities of diligence & stamina,
courage and fortitude
Man judged by his character maturity, ability to
be strong (physically, mentally, emotionally, tuli
in Philippines)
Modern societies today Self-made manhood
economic
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Passionate manhood be passionate, fiery,

Gender and Diversity

LGBTQ
Lstands for lesbians women whose primary
emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectional attractions
are to other women.
Gstands for gay men men whose primary
emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectional attractions
are to other men.
Bstands for bisexuals men or women whose
primary emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectional
attractions are to both women and men.
Tstands for transgendered a broad term that
includes cross-dressers, transsexuals, and people
who live substantial portions of their lives as other
than their birth gender.
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Gender and Diversity

Our country in particular has a huge problem with labels.
Whether it be by race, gender, sexual orientation or religion,
we are quick to judge and quick to categorize the people we
meet, sometimes out of fear, many times out of

ignorance.

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The
moment
you put a
mental
label on
another
human
being, you
can never
truly relate
to that
person.

Gender and
Development

LuzonHealth November 2013

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What is development?
Development is the sustained capacity to achieve a
BETTER LIFE
Length of life

Underlying
these
capabilities is
the freedom of
choice:

Quality of life that people succeed in living

capability
TO BE

capability
TO DO

Freedom
TO BE

Freedom
TO DO

Adapted from Amartya Sen (1988)

LuzonHealth November 2013

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Capability to be and to do
(and common statistical indicators)

to be free from premature death

(reduced mortality)
to be free from preventable
illness and injury (reduced
morbidity)
to be well-nourished (improved
nutritional status)
to be able to communicate ideas
and feelings (increased literacy)
to be knowledgeable and skillful
(increased education and
training)
to be free from physical harm
and violence (improved security)\

LuzonHealth November 2013

to do productive and rewarding

work (increased employment)
to enjoy interaction with friends,
family and other members of the
community (reduction of stigma
related to certain diseases)
to migrate to take advantage of
economic and social
opportunities (productive
migration)
to bear and rear children
(achievement of desired fertility)

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Gender Equality

LuzonHealth November 2013

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Gender
Equality

DEVELOPMENT is for ALL,

EQUALLY for MEN and WOMEN
Capability

Gender Equality

To be free from premature death

To be free from preventable illness and
disability
To be well-nourished
To enjoy interaction with friends, family
and other members of the community
To be able to communicate ideas and
feelings
To be knowledgeable and skillful
To be free from physical harm and
violence
To do productive and rewarding work

Equal access to health and nutrition

services

Equal access to education and training

Equal access to security and

protection
Equal access to productive
employment and remunerative work
Equal access to management and
leadership position

To migrate in order to take advantage of

economic and social opportunities

To bear and rear children

Equal responsibility in decision making

for family welfare

LuzonHealth November 2013

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Gender equality over the LIFE CYCLE

(ILO, 1990)

Equality of rights
must be implemented
over the entire life
course to enable
girls and boys, women
and men to progress
from one state of life
to another

LuzonHealth November 2013

and to ensure that

discrimination
encountered at one
stage is not
perpetuated or that
gains made at one
stage are not lost at
later stages.

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Mabuhay