Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANALYSIS
Prepared By
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Operator Training and Certification Unit
SOLIDS
ANALYSIS
NOTE: Page Numbers and Procedure Step Numbers
Relate to the Operator Training and Certification Units
Laboratory Training Manual Available on the OTCU
Website at www.michigan.gov/deqoperatortraining
Classification of Solids
Suspended Solids
Those solids that are non-filtrable with specified filters
and are not volatilized at 103 degrees Celsius.
Classification of Solids
Suspended Solids
Those solids that are non-filtrable with specified filters
and are not volatilized at 103 degrees Celsius.
Dissolved Solids
Classification of Solids
Suspended Solids
Those solids that are non-filtrable with specified filters
and are not volatilized at 103 degrees Celsius.
Dissolved Solids
Total Solids
All of the solids present whether suspended or dissolved.
TOTAL SUSPENDED
AND
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS
PROCEDURE
The Suspended Solids are removed from a
sample by filtration and weighed.
(Gravimetric)
The Solids are ignited at 550C.
The remaining solids are the Fixed (inorganic) solids.
The loss on ignition is the Volatile (organic) solids.
Standard Methods, 1997
Methods 2540 D (TSS) and 2540 E (VSS)
Insert glass
fiber filter
2.11
FILTERING FLASK
2.12
Seat filter
2.13
2.13
Dry briefly
103 deg. C
2.14
2.13
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
2.14
2.14
Desiccator
To Prevent Errors in Weighing of Crucibles by
Providing a 0% Humidity Atmosphere
While the Crucibles Cool to Room Temperature.
Desiccator
To Prevent Errors in Weighing of Crucibles by
Providing a 0% Humidity Atmosphere
While the Crucibles Cool to Room Temperature.
(Indicating Desiccant is Required)
Blue - Good
Pink Must Be
Replaced or
Recharged
2.13
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
2.14
2.14
2.15
Weigh crucible
2.13
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
2.14
2.14
2.15
Weigh crucible
2.16 Repeat
Ignite
Cool
Desiccate
Weigh
Filter with
vacuum.
2.24
2.25
Pour sample in
Gooch crucible.
Wash graduate,
crucible, and
filter with
distilled water.
2.24
2.26
Dry crucibles
plus solids
for one hour
at 103 C.
2.26
2.27
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
Dry crucibles
plus solids
for one hour
at 103 C.
2.29 Repeat
2.26. Drying
2.27 Desiccate
2.28 Weigh
2.28 Weight
2.31
2.32
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
2.32
2.33
Weigh crucible
plus ash.
2.34 Repeat
Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
Weigh crucible
plus ash.
Suspended
Solids
Procedure
Summary
TOTAL SUSPENDED
AND
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS
PROCEDURE
1. Insert glass
fiber filter
2. Seat filter
3. Dry briefly
103 deg.
C
6. Cool in desiccator
to room temperature
7. Weigh crucible
9. Filter
with
vacuum.
8. Pour measured
volume of
sample in
Gooch crucible.
Suspended
Solids
CALCULATIONS
1000 mL
1 Liter
X 1,000,000
1000 mL
1 Liter
25 mL
0.0032 g
25 mL
= 128 mg/L
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
18.1482 g - 18.1456 g
25 mL
0.0026 g
25 mL
= 104 mg/L
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
- 21.0256 g
50 mL
21.0256 grams
21.0301 grams
21.0263 grams
50 mL
=
=
=
=
0.0045 g
50 mL
= 90 mg/L
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
=
=
=
=
21.0256 grams
21.0301 grams
21.0263 grams
50 mL
21.0301 g
- 21.0263 g
50 mL
0.0038 g
50 mL
= 76 mg/L
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
Total Solids
Sludges
Dewatered Sludge (Cake)
Ignite
2.11
Cool
2.12
Weigh
2.13
Add
Sample
2.21
(25 to 50 grams)
Weigh
2.22
Evaporate
2.23
Dry
2.24
Cool
2.25
2.26 Repeat
< 4% or 50 mg
Weigh
2.25
Cool
2.28
Ignite (1 Hr.)
2.27
Weigh
2.29
Cool
2.12
Ignite
2.11
Weigh
2.13
Evaporate
2.24
Weigh
2.23
Cool
2.26
Dry
2.25
Ignite
2.27
Cool
2.28
Weigh
2. 26
Weigh
2.29
Cool
2.12
Ignite
2.11
Weigh
2.13
Break Up
Cake
2.31
Weigh
2.23
Repeat (1 hour)
2.35 -2.37
Dry
2.33
% Total Solids =
% Total Solids =
% Total Solids =
Dry X 100%
Wet
- (Dish)
- (Dish)
X 100%
% Volatile Solids =
Dry - Ash
% Volatile Solids =
Dry
X 100%
% Total Solids =
= 104.55 grams
= 199.95 grams
= 108.34 grams
= 106.37 grams
=
=
3.79 g
95.40 g X 100%
= 0.040 X 100%
= 4.0 %
% Volatile Solids =
= 104.55 grams
= 199.95 grams
= 108.34 grams
= 106.37 grams
X 100%
108.34 g - 106.37 g
108.34 g - 104.55 g X 100%
=
=
1.97 g
3.79 g
X 100%
= 0.520 X 100%
= 52.0 %
= 106.52 grams
= 187.16 grams
= 109.46 grams
= 107.96 grams
% Total Solids =
=
= 106.52 grams
= 187.16 grams
= 109.46 grams
= 107.96 grams
109.46 g - 106.52 g
187.16 g - 106.52 g X 100%
=
2.94 g
80.64 g X 100%
= 0.036 X 100%
= 3.6 %
% Volatile Solids =
=
= 106.52 grams
= 187.16 grams
= 109.46 grams
= 107.96 grams
109.46 g - 107.96 g
109.46 g - 106.52 g X 100%
=
1.50 g
2.94 g
= 0.510 X 100%
X 100%
= 51.0 %
Dry
X 100%
Wet
Sludge
100 #
4.2 #
94 #
6#
94% Water
6%Solids
6#
TOTAL
SOLIDS
70 %
VOLATILE
1.8 #
30 %
ASH
L
A
D
T
E
O
V
T
L
O
S
S
D
S
I
I
D OL
S Page 134-1
SOLIDS
ANALYSIS
Prepared By
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Operator Training and Certification Unit