E1 - Traffic Statistic Analysis

Traffic Statistics Analysis
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Traffic Statistics is one of the basic method of evaluating GSM

network quality. Radio Network Optimizer (RNO) can have a
basic understanding to the overall network performance by
monitoring traffic statistics data. GSM-BSS system performance
has a so big effect to the network quality that RNO people
should make periodic analysis to traffic statistics data.
Traffic statistics data is the basis of analyzing network
performance during optimization, Commonly used performance
Indexes include: Congestion Rate, Call drop Rate, Handover
success Rate, TCH allocation success Rate, etc;
Traffic statistics can guide you to analyze radio network
problems
It is easy and fast to dealing with network problems by way of
traffic statistic data
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After completing this course, you

can
State ZTE Traffic Statistics Function
Understand the meaning of common
traffic statistic indexes
Analyze and Locate the network
problems through Traffic statistic analysis
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Chapter One
Introduction to ZTE Traffic Statistics
Chapter Two
The meanings of Traffic statistic indexes
Chapter Three
Locate the network problems through Traffic

Statistics
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ZTE Traffic Statistics Function

CS Service basic measurement
BTS measurement
Radio measurement
A Interface measurement
Resources seizure measurement
PS Service measurement
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1.1 CS
CS Service basic measurement

1 CS Service basic measurement (Common)
CS Basic measurement is used to generate basic performance report,
Statistics involve resource availability, service and channel quality that reflect the
overall network performance
2 Q3 Module Measurement
Q3 module measurement is an analogy for BSC measurement. Statistics
involve assignment, handover and CPU load. The statistics is mainly for RMM. For
the SMM, the statistics only involves the CPU load.
3 Q3 Cell and BTS Measurement

Describes the Q3 Cell and Q3 BTS Measurement Counters. These counters
provide statistics for received signal level, received signal quality and call distance.
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BTS Measurement
1 Power Control Performance Measurement (Common)
According to the receiving signal level and quality from MS and BTS measure reports,
BSC determine whether to process power control to BTS and/or MS and make statistic
for various power control reasons. Average up/down link signal strength.
2 TRX service Measurement (Common)

TRX Service Measurement provides statistics of all the events relating TRX. It involves
the measurement counters, which keeps the statistics such as:Channel
Activation/Deactivation, Handover Success/Failure, Carrier Frequency interference
band, Maximum and minimum uplink signal level
3 Paging message Measurement

Paging messages measurement provides statistics of discard Circuit Switched (CS)
and Packet Switched (PS) paging messages due to full queue length. Measurement
unit is TRX.
4 TRX Basic Measurement

TRX basic measurement provides statistics of time slot seizures in TRX. TRX Basic
Measurement Counters provides information such as time duration and number of
TCH and SDCCH seizures.
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Radio Measurement
1 Cell radio Measurement (Common)
Measure the channel interference and service Quality under both idle and
occupied state.
2 Random Access Measurement

Random access measurement provides statistics such as number of: Random
access attempts, Random access processes, Successful random accesses
3 SDCCH Measurement
SDCCH Counters provide statistics about: SDCCH allocation, SDCCH seizure,
SDCCH assignment
4 TCH/F Measurement
TCH/F measurement counters provide statistics for the following channels:
TCH/F allocation requests, TCH/F allocations, TCH/F assignment requests,
TCH/F assignments, TCH/F handover requests, TCH/F handovers
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Radio Measurement
5 SAPI3 Measurement
The SAPI is a 6-bit field in LAPDm and defines the type of user to which a
message is addressed. SAPI value equals to three (SAPI=3) is used for
Supplementary Services (SS) and Short Messages Services (SMS) on Airinterface. It provide counters for the number of SAPI link establishment,
successful link establishment and DTAP messages
6 RMM Assignment Measurement

RMM Assignment Measurement provides the statistics of radio channel
assignment in RMM.
7 RMM Call Drop Measurement

RMM Call Drop Counters provide statistics such as:
SDCCH, TCH/F, and TCH/Hs status.
Signalling, voice, and data type services.
Call drops due to connection loss between RMM and SMM
BTS-site radio link failure and LAPD link failure.
Call drops due to OMC-R force release.
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Radio Measurement
8 Handover cause Measurement (Common)
Handover Cause Counters provides statistics for number of handover out
attempts due to various handover causes. BSC determines the handover upon
MS/BTS measurement report. Handover measurement reports are of great
significance at the time of evaluation, adjustment and RF parameters optimization
of the network.
9 General Handover Measurement (Common)

It provide statistics for handover processes that arises from all types of handover
causes. These counters show handover success ratio, number of handover
attempts, execution, success and failure.
10 Synchronization Mode Handover Measurement

These counters provide statistics for Synchronization Mode handovers.
Synchronization mode includes Synchronized, non-synchronized, pseudo,
asynchronous and pre-synchronous handovers.
11 Adjacent Cell Handover Measurement (Common)

These counters provide handover statistics between the selected cells and their
adjacent cells
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Radio Measurement
12 Paging Measurement
It provide statistics for number paging messages send to each relevant
cell after BSC receives the paging command from A-interface.
13 Abis-Interface Measurement
These counters keep the statistics of all the messages that BSC receives
or send on the Abis-interface.
14 Resource Availability Measurement

It provide statistics of channels utilization in a cell.
Number of available SDCCH,TCH/H and TCH/F
Average and maximum busy quantities, Total busy time
Total congestion time in cell, Statistical unit is cell.
15 Half Rate Statistics

Half Rate Measurement provides statistics for the HR related services
and resources.
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A Interface Measurement
1 A Interface Signaling Measurement
BSSAP Message Counters
BSSMAP Message Counters:
BSSMAP include all messages exchanges between BSC and MSC that are
actually processed by the BSC. Examples are Paging, Handover and Reset
messages.
DTAP messages comprise all messages exchanged between subsystem of
the NSS and MS. DTAP messages are transparent for the BSS.
2 A Interface Service measurement

These Counters provide statistics for the successful
assignments, handover and call drop due to different causes
and
failed
3 SCCP Connection Counters and Terrestrial resources Measurement

SCCP Connection Counters provide statistics for SCCP messages that are
used to setup an SCCP connection.
Trunk Circuit counters provide statistics for the all the BSC trunk circuits.
Such as: No of available/unavailable and busy trunk circuits,
total busy/congestion time of trunk circuit
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Resources Usage Measurement

1 TRX LAPD Link Measurement
LAPD Link Counters provide statistics for the TRX LAPD board,
which transfers the signaling messages to its contiguous layers.
2 O&M LAPD Link Measurement

Provide statistics for the exchanged signaling in every O&M LAPD
link
3 SCCP Link Measurement

SCCP Link Counters provide statistics for the exchanged signaling
message in every SCCP link
4 Processor Load Measurement

Processor Load Measurement provide statistics for CPU load,
memory consumption, service load and file system load in SMM and
RMM.
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Packet Switch Service Measurement

1 PS Basic Measurement
Provide statistics for PS basic performance report including resources,
services and channel quality which reflect the overall PS network
performance
2 NS Sub Layer Measurement

NS sub layer counters takes NSVC as measurement unit. These counters
provide statistics such as data transmission, signaling interaction, and
abnormal link transmission of NSVC link.
3 BSSGP Measurement
Provide statistics for signaling information in BSSGP layer relating to
GPRS service in Gb interface
4 NSE Measurement
These counters takes NSE as measurement unit. Provide statistics such
as number of paging, status message, signaling BVC reset
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Packet Switch Service Measurement
5 PS Traffic Statistics Measurement

PCU records the values of Traffic Statistic Counters and samples every five
minutes. The statistic unit of PS traffic statistic counters is cell.
6 Resource Management Measurement

Provide statistics with relation to the use of BSC system resource such as
the number of cell attempt, available PDCH
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1.7
1 CS Basic Measurement
2 TRX Service Measurement
3 Adjacent Cell Handover Measurement
4 Cell Radio Measurement
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Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three

Statistics
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The total number of SDCCH call attempt

Explanation It measures access request messages send from BTS to
BSC Channel Required.
Formula C11603 SDCCH attempt total number =
C10101 Number of SDCCH seizure attempts (used for assignment)
+ C10104 Number of SDCCH seizure attempts (used for
handover)
The total number of SDCCH overflow

Explanation It means all the unsuccessful requests for SDCCH
channels because there is no radio resource.
Formula C11604 SDCCH total overflow = C10103 Number of
SDCCH seizure failures (used for assignment )+ C10106 Number of
SDCCH seizure failures (used for handover
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Number of SDCCH Call drop

Explanation It mean the statistics of the failed calls before TCH is occupied
after the SDCCH is allocated, including the call failures in that phase caused by
Abis interface connection failures, LAPD link interruption and other causes.
Formula C11605 No of SDCCH Call Drop = C10643 No of SDCCH
Dropped Calls
SDCCH Total busy hour Traffic
Explanation SDCCH Total Traffic of busy hour

Formula C11606 SDCCH total busy hour =C11504 Total
number of occupied SDCCH
Total SDCCH traffic=C11606/ Statistic Duration
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SDCCH
Measurement Point
MS
BTS
BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
A2
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
SABM
EST_IND
A3
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Total call attempts of TCH (not include handover)

Explanation The total call attempts number of the speech channels (not
include handover) means all the requests for TCH channels, including the
calling attempts and called attempts, including the case of TCH channel is
assigned as SDCCH in abnormal early allocation, not including different
handover cases.
Formula
C11609 Total call attempts number of TCH (not include handover =
C10301 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (signaling) (used for assignment) )+
C10320 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (voice) (used for assignment) +
C10351 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (data) (used for assignment) +
C10401(Number of TCH/H seizure attempts (signaling) (used for assignment) +
C10420 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts (voice) (used for assignment) +
C10451 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts (data) (used for assignment)
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The total call attempts of TCH (include handover)

Explanation The total call attempts of the speech channels (include
handover) means all the requests for TCH channels, including the calling
attempts and called attempts, including the case TCH channel is assigned as
SDCCH in abnormal early allocation, including different handover cases and
direct retries.
Formula
C11611 Total call attempts of TCH (include handover) =
C11609 Total call attempts number of TCH (not include handover +
C10304 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (signaling) (used for handover)) +
C10323 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (voice) (used for handover)) +
C10354 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (data) (used for handover)) +
C10404 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts (signaling) (used for handover)) +
C10423 Number of TCH/H seizure attempts (voice) (used for handover )+
C10454 Number of TCH/F seizure attempts (data) (used for handover) )
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The total overflows of TCH ( not include handover)

Explanation The total overflows of the speech channels (not include
handover) means all the unsuccessful requests for TCH channels because
have no radio resource, including the TCH setup failures after the calling or
called seizes SDCCH channel, including the case TCH channel is assigned
as SDCCH in abnormal early allocation; not including different handover
cases.
Formula
C11610 Total overflows of TCH (not include handover) )=
C10303 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (signaling) (used for assignment) )+
C10322 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (voice) (used for assignment) )+
C10353 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (data) (used for assignment) )+
C10403 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (signaling) (used for assignment)) +
C10422 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (voice) (used for assignment) )+
C10453 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (data) (used for assignment))
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Total overflows of TCH ( include handover)
Explanation The total overflows of the speech channels (include handover) means
all the unsuccessful requests for TCH channels, including the TCH setup failures after
the calling or called seizes SDCCH channel, including the case TCH channel is
assigned as SDCCH in abnormal early allocation, including different handover and
direct retries.
Formula
C11612 Total overflows of the speech channels (include handover) =
C11610 Total overflows of TCH (not include handover) )+
C10306 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (signaling) (used for handover))+
C10325 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (voice) (used for handover))+
C10356 Number of TCH/F seizure failures (data) (used for handover))+
C10406 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (signaling) (used for handover +
C10425 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (voice) (used for handover)) +
C10456 Number of TCH/H seizure failures (data) (used for handover
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Total seizure number of TCH (include handover)
Explanation Total seizure number of TCH means all the successful request
for TCH channels in air interface.
Formula
C11613 total seizure number of TCH =
C10302 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (signaling) (used for
assignment))+
C10305 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (signaling) (used for handover))+
C10321 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (voice) (used for assignment))+
C10324 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (voice) (used for handover))+
C10352 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (data) (used for assignment))
C10355 Number of TCH/F seizure successes (data) (used for handover))+
C10402 Number of TCH/H seizure successes (signaling) (used for
assignment))+
C10405 Number of TCH/H seizure successes (signaling) (used for handover))+
C10421 Number of TCH/H seizure successes (voice) (used for assignment))+
C10424 Number of TCH/H seizure successes (voice) (used for handover))+
C10452 Number of TCH/FH seizure successes (data) (used for assignment))
C10455 Number of TCH/H seizure successes (data) (used for handover))
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Total number of TCH call drops
Explanation It means the statistics of the call drops caused by radio factors after the
speech channel is allocated successfully to the user, including the call drops during handover
and after handover.
Formula
C11614 Total number of call drops =
C10644 Number of TCH/F dropped calls + C10645 Number of TCH/H dropped calls
Total busy hour of TCH traffic
Explanation The total busy hour of TCH is the sum of occupation time of all
the current occupied speech channels.
Formula
C11615 Total busy hour of TCH = C11509(Maximum busy
TCH/H) + C11514(Maximum busy TCH/F)
Total TCH traffic = C11615/ statistic duration
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TCH Measurement Point
MS
BTS
MS
BSC
BTS
BSC
MSC
ASS_CMD
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
CHL_ACT
A1
B1
CHL_ACT_ACK
CHL_ACT
B2
ASS_CMD
CHL_ACT_ACK
ASS_CMD
A2
SABM
UA
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS
EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
SABM
ASS_COM
EST_IND
B4
A3
Fig.11 Immediate
assignment
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ASS_COM
Fig.12 Normal assignment
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Total number of handover requests
Explanation The total quantity of handover requests means the total handover
requests of the system within a cell, and between the cells of the same BSC or
different BSCs
Formula
C11616 total number of handover requests =
C10901 Number of BSC controlled outgoing inter-cell handover attempts +
C10911 Number of BSC controlled incoming inter-cell handover attempts +
C10904 Number of MSC controlled outgoing handover attempts
+
C10914 Number of MSC controlled incoming handover attempts
+
C10981 (Number of intra-cell handover attempts)
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Total number of successful handovers
Explanation The total quantity of successful handovers means the total successful
handovers of the system within a cell, and between the cells of the same BSC or different
BSCs
Formula
C11617 total number of successful handovers =
C10903 Number of BSC controlled outgoing inter-cell handover successes +
C10913 Number of BSC controlled incoming inter-cell handover successes +
C10910 MSC controlled outgoing handover successes
+
C10920 MSC controlled incoming handover successes
+
C10982(Number of intra-cell handover successes)
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Handover Measurement Point 1
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
CHL_ACT
C1
CHL_ACT_ACK
C2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA
EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
C3
HO_PREFORM
Fig.13 Intra-cell Handover
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Fig.14 Inter-cell handover under same BSC
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Handover Measurement Point 2
Fig.15 Handover In under MSC control
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Fig.16 Handover Out under MSC control
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TCH congestion rate

TCH congestion rate (exclude handover) = Total overflows of
TCH (exclude handover) / Total call attempts number of TCH
(exclude handover)*100%
TCH congestion rate (include handover) = Total overflows of

TCH (include handover) / Total call attempts number of TCH
(include handover)*100%
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SDCCH congestion rate

SDCCH
congestion(%)
SDCCH
total
overflow /SDCCH total attempts *100%
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TCH call drop rate

TCH call drop rate = Total number of TCH call
drop / Total seizure number of TCH ( include
handover) * 100%
SDCCH call drop rate

SDCCH call drop rate = total number of SDCCH
call drop / Total seizure number of SDCCH* 100%
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Call drop rate of Traffic

Explanation the time duration between two call drops (minute)
Formula
Call
drop
rate
of
traffic
Total
traffic
of
TCH ERL 60 /The number of TCH call drop
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Radio Connection Success Rate
Radio Connection Success Rate (1-SDCCH in

congestion rate%)*(1-TCH in congestion rate %(include
handover))
Important KPI reflect the radio service performance
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Handover Success Rate
Handover Success Rate % = Number of

successful
handovers
Number
of
handover
requests *100%
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Bad Cell
The number of cells whose TCH congestion rate

(exclude handovers) >5%, or TCH call drop
rate>3%
Average traffic/ per TCH > 0.1Erl
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Busy Cell
Average traffic / per channel > 0.6 Erl
Idle Cell
Average traffic / per channel < 0.1 Erl
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Chapter One
Chapter Two
Chapter Three

Statistics
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Basic Procedure
Call drop analysis
Handover analysis
TCH Congestion analysis
SDCCH Congestion analysis
TCH Allocation success rate
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General
BSS Performance Report
High Call drop
Low Handover
CS Basic Measurement
Adjacent cell handover Measurement
General Handovert
A
L
A
R
M
Handover cause Measurement
Cell Radio Measurement
A
L
A
R
M
Radio access Measurement
Cell Radio Measurement
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TRX Service Measurement
A
L
A
R
M
High Congestion
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Combined with
Driving Test:
CQT:
Signaling trace:
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TCH Call Drop Analysis

Statistic point: BSC send CLEAR-REQ
Call Drop Type
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Radio link Failure
LAPD Link Failure
Handover Failure
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Radio link Failure After TCH assignment
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MS
Old BTS:
New BTS
Handover Failure call drop
BSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
A1
MS
BTS:TRX
HANDOVER COMMAND
BSC
HANDOVER COMMAND
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
T3103
Timeout
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
A1
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3103
A2
SET T3107
T3107
Timeout
A2
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Detect and Statistics
When BSC received

CONN FAIL IND
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND T3107 Time out
Handover Command T3103/T8 Time out
LapD link break
Connection Failure
Assignment Intra-cell handover Time out
Inter-cell handover Time out
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Causes for Call drop
Interference Internal, External
Bad coverage Blind area Lonely Island
Unreasonable Handover Neighbor cell plan Handover

parameters
Up/Down link unbalance TTA PA Antenna direction
Unreasonable radio parameters
Hardware problem LAPD CMM TRX PA CDU

TTA
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Transmission
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Common Procedure
Customer complaint
Alarm from OMCR
Performance Report Cell report Basic measurement Interference

band
Check planning data
Observe call drop reason
Create observe task for handover failure in order to confirm handover

failure direction
Trace ABIS signaling, capture abnormal signaling CONN FAIL IND
DT and CQT
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1.Interference (Internal and external)
Check traffic statistics

Check the relationship between interference
band and time, traffic.
Block TRX in turn to observe the changes of
interference band
Check the ratio of handover due to poor
quality to the overall handover
Check
Cell
radio
measurement
data analyze the distribution of signal
strength and quality
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Common Reasons
Frequency reuse
Unreasonable frequency plan or coverage.
The radio of handover due to poor quality to the total handover.
Unreasonable parameters such as DPC not open Too big
BTS minimum output power
External interference Microwave sys EMI
BTS hardware problem
Interference from Direct amplifier
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1. Interference (Internal and external)

Solution
Driving Test: Check the interference area and signal quality distribution
Modify cell output power, antenna tilt down angle
Modify frequency plan carrier frequency, frequency reuse pattern
Search external interference source via frequency analyzer
Open FH,DTX,DPC
Remove hardware problem (TRX, antenna intermodulation)
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External Interference
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2.Coverage (Blind area Isolated island)
Check statistics
Power control measurement: Low average uplink/downlink
signal strength
Cell radio measurement: Too much low signal strength
Handover reasons: Handover due to low signal strength
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2.Coverage (Blind area Isolated

island)
Common reasons:
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Isolated island
Untimely handover
Over coverage
Unreasonable neighboring cell
Poor coverage
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2.Coverage (Blind area Isolated

island)
Solution:
Driving test on the area of bad coverage
Modify parameters according to DT
BTS Output power,
Antenna tiltdown angle and height
Minimum Access Level of MS
Neighboring cell
Minimum access level of candidate handover cell
Increase BTS
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3.Unreasonable handover
Check statistics:
Micros oft Excel
Check handover parameters if reasonable

General Handover measurement: check handover failure direction
Handover reason measurement: Check different handover reason
ratio
Adjacent cell handover measurement: Confirm handover failure
scope
CS basic measurement: Ratio of TCH seizure success number
used for handover to that of calling Handover/Calling 3
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3.Unreasonable handover
Solution:
Add adjacent cell
Modify handover parameters
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4.Uplink/Downlink Unbalance (TTA PA Direction)
Check:
Check CS Basic measurement and Power control
performance measurement to analyze Uplink/Downlink
received level
Analyze the Uplink / Downlink received level via signaling
tracing
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4.Uplink/Downlink Unbalance (TTA PA Direction)
Solution:
Check TTA CDU RDU BTS board and RF cable
connection
Check antenna system: Antenna direction, tiltdown;
Feeder cable Jumper connections, various connectors,
VSWR
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5.Unreasonable parameters
Check:
Radio parameters
(RXAM RLT HOP Handover parameters )
Solution:
Modify unreasonable parameters
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6.Hardware problem (TRX PA TTA)

Check:
CS basic measurement: TCH available rate
BSC overall performance measurement: Assignment failure
OMCR channel allocation observation: Part of TRX can not be
allocated
Solution:
Observe transmission and board alarm TIC, A interface PCM
loss of frame, LAPD break, PA, TRX
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7. Call drop example1
Call Drop example
Date
Site_Name
LAC-CI
Total
TCH
Call
Drop
Total
TCH
Seizure
Number
TCH
Call
Drop
rate(%)
2005-05-20
_
_DV
LAC8411-CI25176
66
1161
5.68
2005-05-21
_
_DV
LAC8411-CI25176
32
870
3.67
2005-05-23
_
_DV
LAC8411-CI25176
42
1038
4.04
Description site A cell 1 and 3 had

high call drop rate
Analysis: Check statistic data, RF
failure call drop;
Check
radio parameters, found cofrequency exist in cell 1 and

cell 3
After frequency adjustment
Solution: Change carrier frequency

of cell 1
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2005-05-27
_
_DV
LAC8411-CI25176
1057
0.37
2005-05-28
_
_DV
LAC8411-CI25176
865
0.46
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7. Call drop example 2

Call
drop
due
to
interference
Total
TCH
Call
Drop
Total
TCH
Seizure
Number
TCH
Call
Drop
rate(%)
Date
Site_name
LAC-CI
2005-05-23
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
19
608
3.12
2005-05-24
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
22
542
4.05
2005-05-25
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
39
790
4.93
Description: Cell 3 of one site had

high call drop rate
Analysis: Check call drop type:
most are due to handover
failure; Check cell frequency
and adjacent cell data, no
problem;
Signaling
tracing:
High Uplink signal strength
After frequency adjustment
with Low uplink quality; RF

resource
indication:
2005-05-26
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
703
0.28
2005-05-27
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
826
0.12
2005-05-28
_ _DV2
LAC8411-CI25458
495
0.2
interference band is 5
Solution:
Try
to
use
out-band
frequency
ZTE University
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Handover Analysis
Low handover success rate
CS basic measurement
General handover
Intra-BSC handover
Inter-BSC handover
ZTE University
Handover measure
Handover reason
1 Level
2 Quality
3 PBGT
4 Interference
5 Others
Alarm (clock, hardware)
Adjacent cell
Handover observe
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General Step for handover

1 Problem cells All cell or individual cell
problem
2 Handover direction Out-going handover or
In-coming handover
3 Handover objects Serving cell with many
cells or with individual cell
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Handover KPI
1 Cells with low handover success rate
2 Cells with large numbers of handover failures
3 The ratio of out-going handover failure to In-coming

handover failure
4 Handover failure characteristics: All cells or individual

cell? What type of handover failure?
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Probable causes for low handover success rate
Unreasonable handover parameters
Hardware failure TRX failure
Interference
Coverage
Uplink / Downlink Unbalance
Clock problem (Internal clock unstable clock of upper

level)
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1. Unreasonable parameters
Check handover threshold, handover switch
The ratio of TCH seize number due to handover to that
of calling 3 there may be ping-pang handover
modify minimum handover period and PBGT margin
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2. Hardware problem
Analyze:
Cells with low in-coming handover success rate
The neighboring cells of the cell with low out-going
handover success rate
Check data:
CH ACT with CH NAC OR TIMEOUT
TCH Available rate is abnormal
Too much LAPD call drop
If the cell got both High call drop rate and congestion
rate maybe there is part of hardware failure in the cell
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3. others
After
eliminating
unreasonable
parameters,
hardware failures and congestion problems Refer

to TCH call drop analysis method
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Instances for Handover failure
20060
ZTE University
814
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TCH Congestion
Probable causes:
ZTE University
Capacity
Interference
Coverage
Antenna and Feeder system problem
Unreasonable parameters
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1. Capacity limit or unbalance traffic
Traffic per channel >0.6 Erlang

Too much overflow
Unbalance traffic sectors within one site or among
several cells
Severe congestion
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1. Capacity limit or unbalance traffic
Solution:
Expansion or adjust TRX configuration
Adjust coverage area BTS output power Antenna
direction tilt angle height
Adjust cell parameters CRO,RXAM, Open traffic
load handover
Adjust cell priority handover parameters
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2. Interference
C/I is too small to make successful assignment process and cause

TCH seize failure
Check and solution:

Refer to TCH call drop
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3. Antenna and Feeder causes
Solution:
Check antenna direction downtilt angle connectors
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Check:
RXAM CRO,TO,PT
Solution:
Adjust unreasonable parameters
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5. Coverage (blind area lonely island)
Solution:
Same as TCH call drop
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SDCCH Congestion
Main Reasons
for SDCCH
Congestion
ZTE University
Unreasonable
parameters
System capacity limit
Unreasonable LAC
Interference
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Check:
Immediate assignment success rate >85
EST_IND / IMM ASS
Random access reason (Calling Response
calling Location update SMS)
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Solution:
Modify MAXRETRANS Tx_Integer
Parameters regarding to Location Update: CRO,CSH,
T3122
In Dual band network, Adjust handover parameters to
avoid
too
much
handover
between
GSM900
and
GSM1800
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2. System Capacity Limit

Boarder between LAC Railway
station, Instant Large number of
Location Update
Add SDCCH or Add TRX
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3. Unreasonable LAC
Make the main street as boarder of LAC

Difference LAC within campus
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4.Interference
RACH access threshold is too low and at the same

time there is interference the system will regard the
interference as SDCCH requirement
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TCH assignment failure rate

TCH assignment failure Rate
=Assignment Request / Assignment Failure + Clear
Request
ZTE University
01/19/15
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MSC
BSC
BTS
Ms
Assignment Request
Assignment Failure 1
Channel Activation
Channel Activation
Ack
Assignment Command
Assignment Command
SABM
UA
Assignment Complete
Assignment Complete
Assignment Complete

Assignment Failure
1 BSC fail to complete MSC request
Assignment Failure
2 BTS fail to complete BSC channel activation
Assignment Failure
3 MS fail to complete BSC assignment command
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Reason:
TRX Failure
Interference
Radio environment affect
If>10% TRXFailure
10%5% TRXFailureorInterference
3%5% Blockingorinterference
<3% Radioenvironmentaffect
ZTE University
01/19/15
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Check:
Too much Traffic: Expansion Traffic balance
If Radio parameters correct: such as FH parameters Frequency
Check BER Interference Band: Decrease radio interference
Check cell hardware: TRX CDU RF cables connection
Antenna and feeder system: VSWR Misconnection of feeder

cables, antenna direction consistency
ZTE University
01/19/15
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Instances for TCH assignment failure
ZTE University
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E1 - Traffic Statistic Analysis

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E1 - Traffic Statistic Analysis

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Traffic Statistics Analysis

Traffic Statistics is one of the basic method of evaluating GSM

After completing this course, you

Introduction to ZTE Traffic Statistics

The meanings of Traffic statistic indexes

Locate the network problems through Traffic

ZTE Traffic Statistics Function

CS Service basic measurement

3 Q3 Cell and BTS Measurement

2 TRX service Measurement (Common)

3 Paging message Measurement

4 TRX Basic Measurement

2 Random Access Measurement

6 RMM Assignment Measurement

7 RMM Call Drop Measurement

9 General Handover Measurement (Common)

10 Synchronization Mode Handover Measurement

11 Adjacent Cell Handover Measurement (Common)

14 Resource Availability Measurement

15 Half Rate Statistics

2 A Interface Service measurement

3 SCCP Connection Counters and Terrestrial resources Measurement

Resources Usage Measurement

2 O&M LAPD Link Measurement

3 SCCP Link Measurement

4 Processor Load Measurement

Packet Switch Service Measurement

2 NS Sub Layer Measurement

Packet Switch Service Measurement

5 PS Traffic Statistics Measurement

6 Resource Management Measurement

2 TRX Service Measurement

3 Adjacent Cell Handover Measurement

4 Cell Radio Measurement

Introduction to ZTE Traffic Statistics

The meanings of Traffic statistic indexes

Locate the network problems through Traffic

The total number of SDCCH call attempt

The total number of SDCCH overflow

Number of SDCCH Call drop

SDCCH Total busy hour Traffic

Explanation SDCCH Total Traffic of busy hour

Total call attempts of TCH (not include handover)

The total call attempts of TCH (include handover)

The total overflows of TCH ( not include handover)

Total overflows of TCH ( include handover)

Total seizure number of TCH (include handover)

Total number of TCH call drops

Total busy hour of TCH traffic

TCH Measurement Point

Fig.12 Normal assignment

Total number of handover requests

Total number of successful handovers

Handover Measurement Point 1

Fig.13 Intra-cell Handover

Fig.14 Inter-cell handover under same BSC

Handover Measurement Point 2

Fig.15 Handover In under MSC control

Fig.16 Handover Out under MSC control

TCH congestion rate

TCH congestion rate (include handover) = Total overflows of

SDCCH congestion rate

overflow /SDCCH total attempts *100%