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Kultur Dokumente
TRN-98-006
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Outline
Introduction
Thermal Boundary Conditions
Fluid Properties
Conjugate Heat Transfer
Natural Convection
Radiation
Periodic Heat Transfer
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Introduction
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Options
You can turn off the Diffusion Energy Source option in the Species Model
panel.
Term always included in the coupled solver.
Includes heat flux due to conduction and volumetric heat sources within solid.
Convective term also included for moving solids.
Energy sources due to chemical reaction are included for reacting flow
cases.
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T
n
k
wall
T
n
For turbulent flows, law of the wall is extended to treat wall heat flux.
The wall-function approach implicitly accounts for viscous sublayer.
The near-wall treatment is extended to account for viscous dissipation
which occurs in the boundary layer of high-speed flows.
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Fluid Properties
Fluid properties such as heat capacity, conductivity, and viscosity can be defined as:
Constant
Temperature-dependent
Composition-dependent
Computed by kinetic theory
Computed by user-defined functions
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Ability to compute conduction of heat through solids, coupled with convective heat
transfer in fluid.
In 2D Cartesian coordinates:
wcwT k w T k w T q
t
x
x y
y
Density, w
Specific heat, cw
Conductivity, kw
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Grid
Velocity vectors
Temperature contours
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Except for body force term in momentum equation, which is replaced by:
( 0 ) g 0 (T T0 ) g
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2. Fluid density
(a) If using Boussinesq model:
Select boussinesq as the Density method and assign a
constant value.
Set the Thermal Expansion Coefficient .
Define Materials
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Radiation
Local absorption
Out-scattering (scattering away
from the direction)
Local emission
In-scattering (scattering into the direction)
I i
absorption emmision scattering i
xi
Advantages:
Limitations:
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Advantages:
dI
T 4
I
ds
Limitations:
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P-1 Model
Advantages:
Only first term in this (rapidly converging) series used in P-1 model.
Effects of particles, droplets, and soot can be included.
Radiative transfer equation easy to solve with little CPU demand.
Includes effect of scattering.
Works reasonably well for combustion applications where optical thickness is large.
Easily applied to complicated geometries with curvilinear coordinates.
Limitations:
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inflow
outflow
T Twall
Tb Twall
Tb = suitably defined bulk temperature
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Summary
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