Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SPSS
1
SPSS
McGraw-Hill
Windows In SPSS
Data
View
Variable View
Output
10
11
Output window
12
Name
Age
Sex
Male
Female
Rural
Urban
Previous Degree
BA
Bcom
Bsc
Current Degree
MBA(Reg)
MBIT
MBA(EXE)
Boarder
Non Boarder
Fathers Education
Illiterate
Literate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Inter
Graduation
Master
Blood Group
City
Family Background
Family Income
Others
Others
Mothers Education
Illiterate
Literate
Primary
Middle
Matric
Inter
Graduation
Master
Others
Fathers Occupation
Govt. job
Private Job
Business
Others
Mothers Occupation
Govt. job
Private Job
Business
House Job
Others
Graduation Marks
Marks in FA
Marks in HRM
13
InterNet
Cell
Conv.
Measurement Scales
Data can be classified according to
levels of measurement. The level of
measurement of the data often
dictates the calculations that can be
done to summarize and present the
data. It will also determine the
statistical tests that should be
performed.
14
Measurement Scales
Types of
Measurement
Scales
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Data are
ranked
Meaningful
Difference
Between values
Meaningful Zero
point and Ratio
Between values
Eye colour,
Religion,
Sex, etc.
Cricket teams
standings in
ICC ranking
Students grades, etc
Temperature,
Shoe Size,
IQ Scores
Bank Balance,
Weight,
Height, etc.
15
Defining variables
Variable Name:Each measured
character must be
identified with a
unique NAME
Space & hyphen is not
allowed in variable
name
First character must
be alphabet
Under score is allowed
EXAMPLE:
REGD NO
(Wrong)
REGD-NO
(Wrong)
2005_REGD
(Wrong)
_REGD
(Wrong)
RegistrationNo
16
Type
EXAMPLE
Numeric
1000.05
Comma
1,000.005
Scientific
1 * e3
(the number means 1 multiplied by
10 raised to the power 3, i.e.
(1)*(103)
Dollar
$1,000.00
String
Ali shah
17
Variable label.
Defining a label for a
variable makes
output easier to read
but does not have
any effect on the
actual analysis For
example, the label
"Family Identification
Number" is easier to
understand than the
name of the variable,
fam_id.
18
19
Value labels:
Enable the use of labels
instead of values for
specific values of a
variable, thereby
improving the quality of
output. For example,
for the variable gender,
the labels "Male" and
"Female" are easier to
understand than "0" or
"1.
20
DATA
21