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NLDC
Responsibilities of RLDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of Regional Grids.
Control of Central Sector Transmission System.
Allocation of Central Sector Generation.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
Data exchange with NLDC
NLDC
Sub-LDCs
NLDC
ULDC Scheme
Unified Schemes for all regions for compatibility
Three level hierarchical SCADA along with EMS
More than 2,100 km of Optic fibre network
More than 3,000 km of microwave network
More than 10 lakhs sq. km geographical area
NLDC
Scada
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
NLDC
SCADA FUNCTIONS
TO SUPPORT REAL TIME MONITORING AND
CONTROL
Data Acquisition
Supervisory Control
Data exchange
Data Processing
Alarms, Flags
SOE, Generalized calculations
Disturbance Data Collection (HDR)
Historical Information Storage & Retrieval
NLDC
(ISR)
Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition process samples real world physical
NLDC
Processes alarms.
Processes calculations.
NLDC
Data Processing
The major function of the data processing module is to
Status Points
Retrieved values
checked for any
status changes
SS
SS
DS
V
DS
MW
MVAR
SS
SS
SS
DS
Q
TAP POSITION
FREQUENCY
SS
SINGLE STATUS
ISOLATOR POSIITION, PROTECTION,
LOSS OF VOLTAGE
DC
SS
DS
DS
SS
DS
SS
SS
P
Q
Q
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
DC
DS
VOLTAGE
DOUBLE STATUS
CIRCUIT BREAKER POSITION
DIGITALCONTROL
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
MONITORED
FOR
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Data types
SCADA processes and stores three different types of
data:
analog,
status, and
count data.
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Analog Data
Analogs are numeric values representing the state of
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Transducer
linear Conversion
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Status Data
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Digital Data
Potential free contacts are used to transfer switch position to
control centre.
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Data Flow
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Supervisory Control
In Scada systems control actions are performed by
RTU or PLC.
operator of the control room can override or adjust
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ALARMS
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ALARMS
ANALOG
DIGITAL
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Alarms-analogs
Normal limit-Range of limits which device is
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Normal Alarms-analogs
MW/MVAR/MVA/FREQ/VOLTAGE
ALARM LIMIT-OPERATIONAL
ALARM LIMIT-ALARMING
ALARM LIMIT-EMERGENCY
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+/- 1.05*(1.732*V*I*O.8)
ALARM LIMIT-ALARMING
+/- 1.10*(1.732*V*I*O.8)
ALARM LIMIT-EMERGENCY
+/- 1.15*(1.732*V*I*O.8)
V-NOMINALVOLTAGE I-NOMINAL CURRENT
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Exception Displays
Abnormal digital status points and analogs displayed
in chronological order
as per category.
per location
order.
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Exception Displays
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Priority Alarms
Alarms are categorized in 8 category
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Flags
Source of data
RTU -----------Telemetered
ENTERED-----Manually Entered
EXTERNAL----Always to be entered manually
INTERSITE-----Data from other site
CALCULATEDCalculation tag
Quality of data
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Flags
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Flags
Unit: - uninitialized.
Old:-Could not be retrieved in the last scan
Telemetry failure:- communication with RTU failed
BAD: - when RTU returns one or more standard test values in the
RTU outside the allowed limits. Either Transducer is faulty or
there is an RTU malfunctioning.
Over Range: - Raw Value Received from RTU is outside the
expected Range.
Unreasonable:-The converted value has crossed the
reasonability limit.
Anomalous:-Basically not a data quality Flag .State Estimator
considers the above measurement not fit for the solution.
Manually replaced:-Replaced by operator
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Flags
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Sequence Of Events
Sequence of events provides milli secs accurate
changes state .
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HDR functions
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Trend Displays
Real Time Trend Display
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Trend Displays
DISPLAY OBJECT
TRACK
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MODIFYING TRACK
ATTRIBUTES
vertical
Grid lines Whether grid lines are visible or not (the default) in the
display area
SCALE TO OBJECT All display objects are scaled to the currently
historical minimum
FULL DATE STRING Whether the date and time is displayed or
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Tagging
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Trouble Shooting
All the data on display
have become
suspected
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Trouble Shooting
All the data pertaining
to your organisation
is not updating.
1.
2.
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Yes
Yes
Is RTU reporting
to this control
center.
Is this RTU
belongs to
your
organization.
No
No
Check I
CCP Rou
te
Check
CFE Ro
ute
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Yes
No
Are the
ICCP
Servers
of RSCC
OK.
Are the
Are both servers OK.
Data
Yes
No
Yes
No
Server
s of
RSCC
OK. Communication
Communication
Data is interrupted
Data is interrupted
link between
Sub-LDC and
SLDC is out.
due to outages of
servers at Sub-LDC
due to outages of
Data servers at
RSCC.
NLDC
No
Data is interrupted
due to outages of
ICCP servers at
RSCC.
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DATA BASE
SCADAMDL
NETMODEL
GENMODEL
DTSMODEL
COMMUNICATION database
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Network Database
Network Modeling
NETMODEL
How Network Components are electrically connected?
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Network Database
THE NETWORK DATA
The topology of power network
A description of every component in the system
An equivalent model
Schedules
Tables
A load model
Operating limits
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Thank you !!
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