Um Interface and

Radio Channels
www.huawei.com

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1.

Overview

2.

Processing of Voice Signal

3.

Radio Channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Radio Interface
Another MSC
PSTN
ISDN

BTS
BSC
MS

A-bis

MSC/VLR

HLR/AUC

MS

Um

SMC

OMC

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Hierarchical Structure of Um
Interface
Communication management (CM)
Network application layer (L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)
Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

RACH

Physical link layer (L1)

Integrated management

BCCH

AGCH/PCH

SDCCH

SACCH

TCH

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL

Multiframe

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

FACCH

Radio Access Technology

CDMA
Time
CDMA

Power
Tim
e

TDMA

Power

Tim
e

U
Us ser
Us User er
Us e r
UU
e
s
Us esrer r
er
y
Tim
e

Frequency

Time TDMA

Power

FDMA

eq
Fr

Code

y
nc
ue

c
en
u
eq
Fr

y
nc
e
qu
Fre

Frequency

Time
FDMA
Frequency

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page5

Contents
1.

Overview

2.

Processing of Voice Signal

3.

Radio Channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

Voice Signal Processing

8KHz,13bi
t

13kbit/s
20 ms

Voice
(A/D)
A/D)

Segmentation

Speech coding

Channel coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/s

Interleaving

Encryption)
Encryption)

Burst formatting

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modulation

Page8

Transmission

Analog-Digital Conversion

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

Speech Coding

The Enhance Full Rate coding mode is called CELP (Code Excited Linear
Predictive Coding)
Coding

The Full Rate coding mode is called RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited-Long
Term Prediction).

The Half Rate coding mode is called VCELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear
Prediction)

8KHz,13bi
t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR)
260 bits(FR)
112 bits(HR)

Voice
(A/D)
A/D)

Segmentation

Speech coding

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page10

12.2kbit/s
13kbit/s
5.6kbit/s

Channel Coding
Block
Coder

1:2
Convolutional
Coder

8KHz,13bi
t

20 ms

244 bits(EFR)
260 bits(FR)
112 bits(HR)

12.2kbit/s
13kbit/s
456bits(FR/EFR)
22.8kbit/s
228bits(HR)
11.4kbit/s
5.6kbit/s

Voice
(A/D)
A/D)

Segmentation

Speech coding

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Channel coding

Page11

Interleaving

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ...

First interleaving:

....

... 452 453 454 455 456

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

1
9

2
10

3
11

4
12

5
13

6
14

7
15

8
16

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
449

.
450

.
451

.
452

.
453

.
454

.
455

.
456

....

Second interleaving:

{A4,B0}

{A5,B1}

{A6,B2}

{A7,B3}

{B4,C0}

{B5,C1}

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

{B6,C2}

Page12

{B7,C3}

Voice Burst
Tail
bit

Training sequence

Data

3
57 encrypted bits
bits

8KHz,13bit

Voice

(A/D)
A/D)

26 bits

Dat
a

Tail
bit

Guard
period

3
1 57 encrypted bits bits 8.25 bits

13kbit/
s

20 ms
Segmentation Speech coding

Channel coding

22.8kbit/s

33.8kbit/
s
Interleaving

Encryption)
Encryption)

Burst formatting

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transmission
Modulation

Page14

Voice Signal Processing

Mobile equipment
GSM Network
Speaker
Transmitter
Modulator
33.8 kbit/s
Burst formatting
Ciphering
Interleaving
22.8 kbit/s
Channel coding
13 kbit/s
Speech coding
Segmentation
8 kHz
13 bits
A/D-conversion
Microphone

Receiver
Demodulator

Receiver
Demodulator

Transmitter
Modulator

Adaptive
Equalization

Adaptive
Equalization

De-ciphering
De-interleaving

De-ciphering
De-interleaving

Burst formatting
Ciphering
Interleaving

Channel decoding

Channel Decoding

Speech decoding

Receiving part

D/A-conversion
Receiving part

Channel coding
13 kbit/s
D/D-conversion
8 kHz
8 bits
64 kbit/s PCM
Transmitting part

Transmitting part

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!

TA
Transmission delay t

Transmission delay t

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page16

Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Time

Page18

DTX

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

reduce interference

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Power Control

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account

BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator

Signal level

Target level value:

e.g. -85 dm

BCCH Carrier is not

involved in power control.

Time

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Contents
1.

Overview

2.

Processing of Voice Signal

3.

Radio Channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

Frame and Channel

Frequency

200kHz

Time

BP
Slit
15/26ms
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

Physical Channel of Logical

Channel TDMA FRAME
0

200K
577 s

Physical Channel
Logical
channel
Logical
channel

different
message
types

Logical
channel
Logical
channel
Logical
channel

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page25

Burst

Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access

Tail bit

8bit

41 synchronous
bits

Data
Tail bit
36 encrypted
3bit
bits

Guard interval

68.25bit

Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization

between MS and BTS
Tail bit

Data

3bit

142bit

Tail bit Guard interval

3bit

8.25bit

Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS

and BTS
Tail bit

3bit

Data
39 encrypted
bits

64 synchronous bits

Data
Tail bit Guard interval
39 encrypted
3bit 8.25bit
bits

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

Burst
Normal burst (NB)

Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control
channel except for RACH

Tail bit

3bit

Data

Training sequence

57 encrypted bits

1 26bit 1

Data

Tail bit Guard interval

57 encrypted bits

3bit

8.25bit

Frame stealing flag

Dummy burst (DB)

Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered

Tail bit

3bit

Tail bit Guard interval

142 modulation bits

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3bit

Page27

8.25bit

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel

Dedicated channel
(DCH)

Common channel
(CCH)

Broadcast control channel

(BCH)

FCCH

SCH

Common control channel

(CCCH)

BCCH
PCH
(system information)

AGCH

RACH

Voice channel
(TCH)

Control channel

FACCH

SDCCH

SACCH

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

TCH/F

TCH/H

Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel

BCCH

FCCH
SCH
BCCH

CCCH

PCH
AGCH

SDCCH

Dedicated
Channel

DCCH

SACCH
FACCH

TCH

TCH/F
TCH/H

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page29

Uplink Logical Channel

RACH

CCCH

SDCCH
SACCH

DCCH

Common
channel

Dedicated
channel

FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H

TCH

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

Use of Logical Channels

Power-on

FCCH

Search for frequency correction burst

SCH

Search for synchronous burst

BCCH

Listen to the system information

Idle mode

Dedicated mode

PCH

Monitor paging message

Send access burst

RACH

Allocate signaling channel

AGCH

Set up the call

SDCCH

Allocate voice channel

SDCCH

Conversation

TCH
FACCH

Release the call

Idle mode

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page33

Physical Combination of Logical

Channel
26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page34

Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,
4

Group

Group1

Group2

(same

Grpup5

as
Group2)

Channel
Frame

BX4

CX4

Numbe

2-5

6-9

10

CX4

CX4

12-

16-

15

19

20-39

CX4

CX4

42-

46-

45

49

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

r
Channe

RR

10

11

12

13-46

47

Frame
Numbe
r

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page35

50

Structure of Combined
BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

Group

Group1

Channel

Channel

Frame

Number

Group2

Group3

2-

6-

12

16

15

19

10

11

20

21

Group4

Grpup5

22

26

32

36

25

29

35

39

30

31

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms

A0

A1

A2

A3

42

46

45

49

40

41

50

Uplink

Channel

D34

A24

A34

RR

D04

D14

D24

Channel

D04

A04

A14

RR

D04

D14

D24

0-3

6-9

10-13

14-36

37-40

41-44

45

46

47-50

Frame
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page36

Structure of Logical Channel

Combination Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Channel

Channel
Frame
Number

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

A1

A2

A3

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

A5

A6

A7

0-3

4-7

8-

12-

16-

20-

24-

28-

32-

36-

40-

11

15

19

23

27

31

35

39

43

44-

47

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel

Channel
Frame
Number

A5

A6

A7

A1

A2

A3

0-3

4-7

811

12

13

14

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A0

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

A4

23-

27-

31-

35-

39-

43-

47-

26

30

34

38

42

46

50

1518

19
22

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page37

Structure of Logical Channel

Combination Frame-TCH
Case of one full rate TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel
Frame
Number

TT
6
11

12

T,,,T
13
18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Case of two half rate TCHs

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel
Frame
Number

Tt
6
11

12

T,,,t
13
18

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page38

Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
0

TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH

2045

2044

2046

1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1

0
0

47

49

24

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0

48

24

BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH

25

1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

25

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

2
3
4
5
6

49

26 training
TB
58 information bits
sequences
3
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB
Constant bit 142
3
TB Information bit 39
Extended training sequence 64
Synchronous burst (SB)
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41
TB
Information bit 36 3
Access burst (AB)
3

50

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
Normal burst (NB)

50

2047

58 information bits

Information bit 39

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

TB
3
TB
3

GP
8.25
GP
8.25

TB GP
3 8.25

GP 68.25

Page39

TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period

Configuration of Common Control

Channel

Downlink CCCH

PCH

Uplink CCCH

AGCH

RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page41

Summary

In this course, we have learned:

Processing of Voice Signal

Radio Channel in Um Interface

Key Technical in Um Interface

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page42

Thank you
www.huawei.com