Chapter 1

Introduction To
Chemistry

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The Meaning of
Chemistry
A study of the composition,
structures, properties and
interaction of matter.

Co St Pr Int

Composition - is amount of chemical in any chemical

product
Structure - the arrangement of chemicals in a substance
Properties - behaviour of chemical
Interaction - the reaction between substances with
another substance
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Composition & Structure

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 Chemistry word
originates from the
Arabic word `al-kamiya
Antoine Lavoisier
(French Chemist)
founder of modern
chemistry

MODERN CHEMISTRY
Modern

chemistry was found in 17th

century.
A branch of science that deals with
matter.
All matter is chemical.

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Matter
is any thing that have mass and can
occupy space
All the thing in the environment
whether living or non-living thing
are matters.

Common chemicals used in

daily life
Table salt, NaCl
Vinegar, CH3COOH
Calcium carbonate, CaCO3

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The uses of common

chemicals in daily life
Name of
substance

Chemical
Formula

Table salt

NaCl

Vinegar

Uses
As preservatives and
cooking.

CH3COOH

Preservative for fruits and

food flavourings.

H2SO4

Electrolyte in car battery.

Ethanol

C2H5OH

To make alcoholic drinks

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3

Marble tiles, calcium

supplement.

Sulphuric acid

Sodium
bicarbonate

NaHCO3

Baking powder to raise

dough.

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Sodium
bicarbonate

Alcohols

Contains sodium chloride

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Occupation & Chemistry

What do you want to do
after SPM ? or
after you leave Polytechnic? or
after you leave University?

Chemistry opens the door to

many careers.
knowledge of chemistry is useful
to almost everyone in every field.

In fact,

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Occupation & Chemistry

Transportation Petroleum
Medical
Sports
Social

Pharmacy
Formula 1

Service

Fire Brigade,
Chemistry Teacher

Fertilizer

Farmer

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Occupation that require the

knowledge of chemistry

Forensic scientist
Food technologist
Doctor
Geologist
Environmental
scientist
Pharmacist
Pathologist
Bacteriologist

Horticulturalist
Chemical

engineer
Cosmetic scientist
Biochemist
Laboratory

technician

Nutritionist

Aqua

culturist

Etc.

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Chemical based Industries in

Malaysia
Petronas
Asean Bintulu Fertiliser

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The Contribution of Chemical

based Industries towards the
development of our country
Create job opportunities
Increase export earning (economy) /
support other small industries
Improve health and standard of living

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Scientific Method
Scientific method is a systematic
method used to solve problems in
science.
It usually done to understand the
phenomena of nature.

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Steps in Scientific Method

1

Making observation

Making inference

Identifying problem

4
Making hypothesis

7
Planning an

Identifying

Controlling

variables

variables

Collecting data

Interpreting data

experiment

11

10
Making conclusion

Writing report

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Terms in Scientific
Method
Observation Gathering
information using five senses:
sight, hearing, smell, taste and
touch.
Inference Making a smart guess
or a tentative explaination about
the phenomenon based on the
observation.
Hypothesis Making general
statement about the relationship
between a manipulated variable
and a responding variable in
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Terms in Scientific
Method
Variables Manipulated, responding
and fixed variables
Record data Record in a table
Interpreting data Organising and
analysing data
Conclusion Making statement about
the outcome of the experiment
Writing report Communicating the
details of the experiment to spread
and find benefit to the findings.
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Writing Report (Format)

Name:
Title:

Date:
Class:

Aim:
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Fixed variable:
Materials and Apparatus:
Procedure:
Tabulation of Data:
Discussion:
Conclusion:
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NOBLE VALUE AND

SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES

Objectivel
y
Carefully
Patiently
Rational

Critical
Analytical
Diligent
Persevering