Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dr Dougal Watson
Principal Medical Officer
Civil Aviation Authority
Lower Hutt New Zealand
Human Factors:
Whats it mean?
Human Factors:
Whats it mean?
What is Human Factors
and what is it not?
Human Factors:
Design engineering
Human Factors:
Definition 1
Human Factors is the scientific discipline
concerned with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other
elements of a system, and the profession that
applies theory, principles, data and methods
to design in order to optimize human wellbeing and overall system performance.
International Ergonomics Association (http://www.iea.cc)
Human Factors:
Definition 2
"Human Factors is about people: it is about people
in their working and living environments, and it is
about their relationship with equipment,
procedures, and the environment. Just as
importantly, it is about their relationships with
other people ... Its two objectives can be seen as
safety and efficiency.''
Human Factors:
Definition 3
Why do smart people do dangerous /
dumb things?
Human Factors:
Involves humans.
Human beings by their very nature make
mistakes; therefore, it is unreasonable to expect
error-free human performance. Shappell &
Wiegmann, 1997.
Human Factors:
Diminished Attention
Too much to attend to at once (overload)
Too little to attend to for too long (underload)
Human Factors:
Avoiding Errors.
Plan, design, manufacture, and implement
systems that:
Utilise human capabilities;
Cater to human limitations:
Redundancies;
Layered defences;
Fail-safe design etc etc etc
Human Factors:
Cognitive
mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and
motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and
other elements of a system
Organisational
optimization of socio-technical systems, including their
organizational structures, policies, and processes
Human Factors:
Psychologists
Engineers
Doctors
Kinesiologists
Retrained Subject Matter Experts Yes, it is
possible to retrain engineers (pilots and
doctors)
Scientists
Human Factors:
Human Resources
The Navy
Human Factors:
Human Factors:
Human Factors:
Some examples.
Medicine
Let he who is without sin
Footpaths
Things that get in your way.
Mop Sink
Things that dont work the
way you expect
SCHAUMBURG 60193
708 893-5705
708 956-1112
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
708 956-1112
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
SCHAUMBURG 60193
708 893-5705
708 956-1112
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
708 956-1112
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
708 640-7788
708 123-4567
708 459-7060
708 310-4402
Shuttle Cockpit
Hyd Landing
MET 10/10:45:35
Landing Gear
2
EPS FA1
Man
LG Ext Isol
FA2
EPS
Man
EPS
LG Ext 1
EPS
LG Ext 2
Nose Deploy
NWS 1 NWS 2
NWS Fail
NWS S/V
Pyro 1
Main Deploy
L MG
R MG
Pyro 2
EPS
Brakes
Brk
Iso 1
EPS
1/2
Hyd
1- 3
2- 3
FA1
Man
Drag Chute
Brk
Iso 2
EPS
1/2
Brakes
Brk Isol 2
FA2
Man
Full
Brk
Iso 3
EPS
FA3
Man
Arm
Dpy
Jet
CDR PLT
X
X
X X
X X
SSME Repo
Fail
Brake Press
Tire Press
L
R
L
R
OB
IB
IB
OB
Nose
XXXS XXXS XXXS XXXS
XXXXS XXXXS XXXXS XXXXS Mn IB XXXS XXXS XXXS XXXS
XXXXS XXXXS XXXXS XXXXS
OB XXXS XXXS XXXS XXXS
Benefits:
The sub-systems are
separated (e.g., landing gear,
brakes, drag chute).
Important information
(landing gear) is displayed at
the top.
Color-coding separates
different components such as
labels and data.
Off-nominal elements are
color-coded.
This display is a work-in-progress which needs to undergo testing and evaluation. Even after revisions, it might not be implemented on the shuttle because of budget constraints or other factors.
Phosphorescent
Selfilluminatedrelativeto
surroundings
Facilitate identification in reduced
visibility conditions
Change out every 2 years
C150
Human Factors not
always right.
Human Factors expert
analysis.
Inconsistent design wrt
throttle and carbie heat
controls.
HowCessna150s
aremade
C-141 Starlifter
Human Factors in design
40 years ago. Multi-role aircraft concept
employing roll-on / roll-off alternative
mission kits.
Kits heavy and complex and required lots
of time and effort to install.
HF analysis of mission profiles and
equipment needs lead to complete
restructuring of equipment deployment.
$500k investment lead to $5M initial
savings.
What would your CFO think?
hazard ahead!
Please!!!
Human Factors, aviation, and you.
- A plea to the engineers involved in aviation
- Good human factors in the design, development,
manufacture, and maintenance of aircraft and aviation
systems will reduce safety failures big time!
- Good human factors will also financially benefit your
employer
- Good ergonomics is good economics (google-it!)