BLUETOOTH

What is Bluetooth???
Bluetooth wireless technology is a cable replacement technology
that provides wireless communication between portable devices,
desktop devices and peripherals.
It is used to swap data and synchronize files between devices
without having to connect each other with cable.
The wireless link has a range of 10m which offers the user
mobility.
Bluetooth was intended to unify different technologies like
computers and mobile phones

History
The technology was born in 1994
The first version was released in July 1999
1998 Intel ,Ericsson, IBM ,Nokia and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth
special Interest Group
December 1999 add 3COM, Microsoft, lucent and Motorola
Today 800 companies worldwide are member of the Bluetooth SIG
The name is inspired by the historical King Bluetooth(Harold
Bluetooth), who united the Scandinavian countries.
The Bluetooth logo is a Bind rune merging the Younger Futhar runes
Hagall and Bjarkan Herald's initial

Mileston
es

2009Bluetooth
Core
Specification
Version 3.0 +
HS (High
Speed) is
adopted by
the
BLUETOOTH

1998: Bluetooth
technology is
officially
introduced and
the BLUETOOTH
SIG is formed.

1999Bluetooth
1.0
Specification
is introduced.

2007Bluetooth Core
Specification
Version 2.1 +
EDR is adopted
by the
BLUETOOTH
SIG.
2005Devices using
Version 2.0 +
EDR begin to
hit the
market in
late 2005

2003- The
BLUETOOTH
SIG o
announces
Version 2.1
2004Bluetooth
Version 2.0 +
EDR
(Enhanced
Data Rate) is
introduced

Bluetooth Was Originally a CableReplacement Technology

Need for Bluetooth

To connect all your office peripherals wirelessly (Printer, Scanner,
Fax)
To send still or video images from any location to any location
To connect your wireless headset to your mobile phone
To unlock/lock the door, open/close the entry way light or airconditioner automatically, upon arriving at home
Open specification & supported by major companies

In the Office

You arrive at
office,

While in a
meeting,

When inspecting
equipment,

On the road

You arrive at the

airport

You enter the

airport waiting
lounge,
You get on the
rent-a-car bus,

Features
Short range wireless connectivity.
Low power consumption
Automatic recognition

Bluetooth Card

Documentation

Specification
describes how the
technology works, i.e.,
the Bluetooth protocol
architecture.

Profiles

describe
how the technology
is used, i.e., how
different parts of the
specification can be
used to fulfill a
desired function for a
Bluetooth device.

Protocols:
Uses 2.4 GHz ISM band, same as 802.11b/g
Generally low power
Class 3 (1mW) for most devices
Some Class 1(100mW) devices exist
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Uses a pre-defined hopping pattern
Back in the day, FHSS was a security mechanism resists
interference1MHz wide, hopping every 625 microseconds

Bluetooth Specification Protocol Stack

Four major components

Radio Unit (radio transceiver)
Baseband Unit (flash memory & CPU)
Software Stack (driver software)
Application Software (user interface)

Bluetooth Profile Structure

Radio Specification
PDU format:
The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial
Scientific Medicine) band. The regulatory range of this frequency
band is 2.400 2.4835 GHz.
The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum spreading by in 79 hops
displaced by 1 MHz
Radio modulation uses GFSK.

perating frequency bands:

0

2.402 GHz
Packet format of
Bluetooth

78
2.480 GHz

Network Topologies:
There can be three type of topologies:
Single slave
Multi slave ( upto 7 slaves)/Piconet
Scatternet

A) Single Slave B)Multi Slave /Piconet

C)Scatternet

Piconet
Slave

Master

Piconet = set of Bluetooth nodes synchronized to a master node

Each piconet has one master and up to 7 slaves
Master-Slaves can switch roles
A node can only be master of one piconet.
Participation in a piconet = synchronization to hopping sequence
Communication between piconets = devices jumping back and
forth between the piconets

Scatternets
Scatternet s are two or more independent and non-synchronized
Piconets that communicate with each other i.e. Scatternet = set
of piconet
Master determines hopping sequence, slaves have to synchronize

piconets

Scatternet

How Bluetooth works??

Bluetooth uses frequency hopping in timeslots
Frequency hopping is a method of transmitting radio signals by
rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels.
It uses a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and
receiver.
Bluetooth has been designed to operate in noisy radio frequency
environments
Bluetooth radio modules avoid interference from other signals by
hopping to a new frequency after transmitting or receiving a packet

Security
Using a shared secret (PIN), exchange random number to form key
Key used to derive session key for future comms
Used for Trusted <-> Trusted comms

Key features
Robustness
Low complexity
Low power: battery powered
Fast acknowledgement
Fast frequency hopping scheme
Shorter packets Session

Advantages
Frequency Hopping
Low power & cost
No line-of-sight required
Low overhead
Voice/Data support
Ad-hoc networking

Disadvantages
Slower speeds
Connection in busy environments
Range
Security
Limit of 8 devices

Applications
1. Wireless networking between laptops and desktop computers, or
desktops that are in a confined space and little bandwidth is
needed.
2. Peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and printers.
3. Cell phones with Bluetooth technology have been sold in large
numbers, as they are able to connect to computers, PDAs
(Personal Data Assistant), and various other devices.
4. The transfer of files, images and MP3, between mobile phones.
5. Certain MP3 players and digital cameras to transfer files to and
from computers.
6. Bluetooth technology headsets for smart phones and cell phones.
7. Data logging equipment that transmits data to a computer via
Bluetooth technology

Applications
GENERAL

INDUSTRIAL

With PLC

With CNC Machine

With PLC & controller

Different Versions of Bluetooth

This are the different versions of Bluetooth technologies we have since
1999.
Bluetooth v Bluetooth v1.0and v1.0B(with mandatory Bluetooth
hardware device address)
Bluetooth v1.1(ratifiedasIEEEstandard802.15.1-2002)
Bluetooth v1.2(faster connection and discovery)
Bluetooth v2.0+EDR(enhanced data rate)
Bluetooth v2.1(secure simple pairing-SSP)
Bluetooth v3.0(high speed data transfer)
Bluetooth v4.0(lowenergyconsumptionrecentlyusedinapplei-phone4S)zz

AT COMMANDS

Get module Bluetooth address

Command

Response

Parameter

AT+ADDR?

+ADDR: <Param>
OK

Param: Bluetooth
address

Bluetooth address will show as this way: NAP: UAP: LAP(Hexadecimal)

Example:
Module Bluetooth address: 12: 34: 56: ab: cd: ef
at+addr?\r\n
+ADDR:1234:56:abcdef
OK

Destination Address

Set/ Inquire- serial parameter

Command

Response

Parameter

Param1: baud
rate( bits/s)
AT+UART=<Pa OK
The value (Decimal)
ram>,<
should
Param2>,<Par
be one of the
am3>
following:
4800
9600
AT+ UART?
+
19200
UART=<Param 38400
>,<Para
57600
m2>,<Param3 115200
>
23400
OK
460800
921600
1382400
Param2:stop bit:
0----1 bit
1----2 bits
Param3: parity bit

Example:
Set baud rate to be 115200, stop bit to be 2 bits, parity bit to be even parity.
AT+UART=115200,1,2,\r\n
OK
AT+UART?
+UART:115200,1,2
OK

Set/ Inquire page scan and inquire

scan parameter
Command

Response

Parameter

AT+IPSCAN=<Param1
>,
<Param2>,
<Param3>,<Param4>
AT+I
PSCAN?

OK
+IPSCAN:
<Param1>,<Param2>
,
<Param3>,<Param4>
OK

Param1:time interval
of
inquiring
Param2: duration in
inquiring
Param3: time interval
of paging
Param4: duration in
paging
The above
parameters are
decimal.
Default:1024,512,102
4,512

Example:
at+ipscan=1234,500,1200,250\r\n
OK
at+ipscan?
+IPSCAN:1234,500,1200,250

Set/ Inquire - connection mode

Command
AT+CMODE=
<Param>

AT+ CMODE?

Response
OK

Parameter
Param:
0----connect the
module to the
specified Bluetooth
address.
(Bluetooth address can
be
specified by the
binding
command)

1----connect the
+
module to any
CMODE:<Par Address
am>
OK
(The specifying
address has no
effect for this mode.)
2----Slave-Loop
Default connection

Bluetooth Visibility Mode

Bluetooth visibility simply refers to whether other devices can
discover your computer when searching for Bluetooth devices.
When Bluetooth visibility is turned on, your computer will advertise
itself to all other devices within range, allowing them to attempt to
connect to you.
There are three visibility modes in Bluetooth:
OFF
ON (temporary visible)
ON(always visible)