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Alternating Voltages and Currents
Capacitors in AC Circuits
RC Circuits
Inductors in AC Circuits
RLC Circuits
Resonance in Electrical Circuits
Capacitors in AC Circuits
Capacitors in AC Circuits
In analogy with resistance, we write:
Capacitors in AC Circuits
The voltage and
current in a capacitor
are not in phase. The
voltage lags by 90.
RC Circuits
RC Circuits
This phasor diagram
illustrates the phase
relationships. The
voltages across the
capacitor and across the
resistor are at 90 in the
diagram; if they are
added as vectors, we
find the maximum.
RC Circuits
This has the exact same form as V = IR if we
define the impedance, Z:
RC Circuits
There is a phase angle
between the voltage and
the current, as seen in the
diagram.
RC Circuits
The power in the circuit is given by:
Inductors in AC Circuits
Inductors in AC Circuits
The voltage across an inductor leads the
current by 90.
Inductors in AC Circuits
The power factor for an RL circuit is:
Currents in resistors,
capacitors, and
inductors as a
function of
frequency:
RLC Circuits
A phasor diagram is a useful way to analyze an
RLC circuit.
RLC Circuits
The phase angle for an RLC circuit is:
RLC Circuits
At high frequencies, the capacitive reactance is
very small, while the inductive reactance is very
large. The opposite is true at low frequencies.
Summary
The voltage from an ac generator varies
sinusoidally:
Phasor represents voltage or current in ac
circuit; as it rotates, its y component gives the
instantaneous value.
Root mean square (rms) of a sinusoidally
varying quantity:
Summary
rms current in a capacitor:
Capacitive reactance:
Voltage across capacitor lags current by 90
Impedance in an RC circuit:
Average power:
Summary
Inductive reactance:
Impedance of an RL circuit:
Impedance of an RLC circuit: