STDs

Incubation Period

Syphilis

9-90 Days

Chancroid

3-5 Days

Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases

Donovanosis

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

3-12 Days

Gonococcal Infection

1-5 Days

Chlamydial Genital Tract Infection

1-5 Weeks

Herpes Genitalis

Anogenital Warts

Molluscum Contagiosum

Candidial Genital Infection

HIV & AIDS

1-10 Yrs

Syphilis
Etiology

Causative Agent

Transmission

Treponema
Pallidum

-Mostly Sexual
-Less Throgh
Blood Transfusion
& Transplacentally

Primary Syphilis

Clinical
Primary
Stage Features:Secondary Stage

Latent Stage

Tertiary Stage

Single, Indurated,
Generalized Rash
No Clinical Lesions

According
To
Stages:Clean, Painless Ulcer. Mucosal Lesions
Only Serological
Oozes Serum on
Evidences +nt
Intertriginous
Pressure,
Condyloma Lata
Shotty Regional
Shotty, Generalized
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy

Cutaneous, Mucosal
& Bone Gummata
Cardiovascular &
CNS Involvement

 Diagnosis

Serological tests

Non-Treponemal Tests (More Sensitive)

VDRL
Treponemal Tests (More Specific)
FTA-abs, TPHA

Management

Anti-Bacterials

Benzathine Penicillin
Doxycycline

Donovanosis
Etiology

Klebsiella Granulomatis

Sites

Genital & Perianal Areas

Morphology

Single/ few, Asymptomatic Ulcers,

Subcutaneous Nodules in Inguinal Region may
Ulcerate.
No Lymphadenopathy

Diagnosis

Tissue Smear

Chancroid
Etiology

Haemophilus Ducreyi

C/F:-

Multiple, Tender, Ragged Ulcers Which Bleed on

Manipulation
Lymphadenopathy.

Diagnosis

Based on C/F.

Rx:-

Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Etiology

Chlamydia Trachomatis Serovars L1, L2, L3.

C/F:-

Enlargement of Inguinal, Femoral, & sometimes

External Iliac Group of Lymph Nodes.
Signs of Groove Characteristic.

Rx:-

Doxycycline/ Erythromycin.
Aspiration of Buboes.

Gonococcal Infection
Etiology

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae.

C/F:-

In Males= Urethritis manifesting as Profuse Urethral

Discharge.
In Females= Asymptomatic Carriers; may have Vaginal
Discharge.

Diagnosis

In Males By Clinical Suspicion.

In Females by Culturing the Organism.

Rx:- Cefixime / Ciprofloxacin.

Chlamydial Genital Tract

Infection

Etiology

Chlamydia Trachomatis

C/F:-

In 50% Pts Asymptomatic

In Rest- Mucoid Discharge

Diagnosis

Smear Examination

Rx:-

Azithromycin/ Doxycycline

Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus

Etiology

Causative
Agents

Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus

Transmission

-Sexual Intercourse
-Transfusion
-Contaminated Needle & Syringes
-Vertical Transmission
-Nosocomail Infections

 Types & Structure

Types
HIV 1

HIV 2

-Most Common &

Pathogenic Strain of Virus.
-further Classified into
Group M & other Minor
Groups.
-Group M Predominates &
AIDS Pandemic.

-Less Common.
-Closely related to
Simian Immunodeficiency
Virus (SIV) Endemic in
Monkeys Species.

 Pathogenesis

 PRIMARY HIV INFECTION :

Acute retroviral syndrome/Asymptomatic

C/F : -Illness last for 1-3 weeks

-Fever, Pharyngitis, Vomiting, Headache, Arthralgia,
Myalgia, Maculopapular Rashes, Lymphadenopathy, Neuropathies.

CLINICAL STAGE 1

Asymptomatic / Generalized Lymphadenopathy.

CLINICAL STAGE 2

With Unexplained Symptoms, Infections, Oral Lesions,

Itchy Dermatoses.

CLINICAL STAGE 3

With Unexplained Symptoms, Infections, Oral Lesions,

Itchy Dermatoses / Penic Hematological Changes.

CLINICAL STAGE 4

With Wasting Dz, Infections, Neoplasms & Neurological

Dz.

 EARLY SYMPTOMATIC STAGE OF HIV

INFECTION
Previously known as AIDS-related Complex.
C/F:
Autoimmune disorders

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

GBS
Chronic Demylinating Neuropathy of peripheral Nerves &
Mononeuritis Multiplex.
Cranial Nerve Palsies (Including Bells Palsy)
Sjogrens Syndrome
Polymyositis

Infections

Herpes Zoster
Oral Candidiasis
Oral Hairy Leucoplakia
Pulmonary Tuberculosis

HIV Rashes over the skin.

Acquired Immune Deficiency

Syndrome

ASevereImmunologicalDisorder,
Caused bythe RetrovirusHIV,
ResultinginaDefectin Cell-Mediated Immune
Response
i.e. Manifested by Increased
susceptibility to Opportunistic Infections & to
Certain Rare Cancers, especially Kaposi's
Sarcoma.
Transmission : Exposureto Contaminated Body Fluids,
especiallyBloodand Semen.

Clinical Features
Dermatological
Manifestations

Non-Dermatological
Manifestations

*Constitutional Dz
*Neurological Dz
-Dementia, Myelopathy,
Peripheral Neuropathy
*Secondary Infections
-Cryptococcal Meningitis,
Pulmonary/ extrapulmonary
Tuberculosis, Candidiasis,
Pneumonia
*Secondary Neoplasms
-Kaposis Sarcoma, Nonhodgkins Lymphoma, Primary
Lymphoma of Brain.
*Miscellaneous

Infections

*Dermatophytosis
*Candidiasis
*Staph. Infection
*Bacillary Angiomatosis
*Herpes Genitalis
*Herpes Zoster
* Molluscum Contagiosum
*Human Pappilloma Virus
*Epstein-Barr Virus

Non-Infections

*Seborrheic
Dermatitis
*Psoriasis
*Kaposis Sarcoma
* Other Rashes
-Skin Papules &
Eosinophilic Pustular
Folliculitis

 Diagnosis

Tests for HIV-Specific Antibodies

Screening tests
ELISA
Rapid tests

Supplemental tests

Westen Blot Assay

Immunofluorescence test

Tests to Indentify HIV (Confirmatory Tests)

Viral Isolation
HIV-specfic core Antigen (p24)
PCR for RNA copies

Tests to Assess Disease Progression

Measurement of no. of HIV-RNA copies
CD4 counts

Diagnosis of Complications

Ruling out of opportunistic Infections

Surveillence for Neoplasia

Management

Medical Mx

Counselling

Specific Tx
Antiretroviral
Drugs

Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors
* Neucleoside Group
-Zidovudine
-lamivudine
*Non nucleoside Group
-Nevirapine

Physiotherapy Mx

Opportunistic
Tx

Protease Inhibitors
-Ritonavir
-Indinavir

 PTMx

AIMS

Relief of Pain
Reduction of Muscle Atrophy
Regularity of Bowels
Enhances Immune function
(By increasing T-helper/ inducer CD4 cells
and activating CD8 cells)
Improves Cardiovascular Function
Improves Pulmonary Function
Improves Endurance
Improve his/her ability to do Daily Activities
Maintain A Healthy Body Weight

 PLANS

Stretching
Soft Tissue and Joint Mobilization
Gait and Balance Training
Functional Electrical Stimulation /
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Desensitization Techniques

Prevention Of STDs

 Skin
Makers
Psychological
:
MANTHAN support given
by :
ANKITA
VIJAY
SHREYA
PRACHI
PALAK
NIDHI

Sneha Patel
Nikita Gulani