Drugs in Sport

When were they first used?

A Timeline
1886
The first recorded death was in 1886 when a cyclist, Linton,
died from an overdose of trimethyl.
1904
The first near death in modern Olympics where a marathon
runner, Thomas Hicks, was using a mixture of brandy and
strychnine.
1910
Most drugs involved alcohol and strychnine. Heroin, caffeine
and cocaine were also widely used until heroin and cocaine
became available only on prescription.
1930s
Amphetamines were produced and quickly became the
choice over strychnine.

A Timeline (cont.)
1950s
The Soviet team used male hormones to increase power and strength and the
Americans developed steroids as a response.
1952
One of the first noticeable doping cases involving amphetamines which occurred at
the Winter Olympics. Several speed skaters became ill and needed medical attention.
1960
At the Olympics, Danish cyclist, Kurt Jensen, collapsed and died from an
amphetamine overdose.
1963
Pressure started to mount on the IOC. The Council of Europe set up a Committee on
drugs but couldn't decide on a definition of doping.
1964
There was a noticeable increase in the muscular appearance of the athletes at the
Olympics and drug use was suspected.
1967
The IOC took action after the death of Tommy Simpson (due to the illegal taking of
amphetamines) in the Tour de France.

A Timeline (cont.)
1988
At the Seoul Olympics,
Ben Johnson tested
positive for a banned
anabolic steroid, was
stripped of his gold
medal and was
suspended for two
years.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCh5QswxQ6k

A Timeline (cont.)
1968
The IOC decided on a definition of doping and developed a banned
list of substances. Testing began at the Olympic games.
1988
Drug use had continued. Due to the significance of the problem,
the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and
the Arts began an inquiry into the use by Australian sportsmen
and sportswomen of performance enhancing drugs and the role to
be played by Commonwealth agencies.
1990
The Australian Sports Drug Agency was established by the
Australian Sports Drug Agency Act 1990 (ASDA Act).
1991
ASDA became a statutory authority.

A Timeline (cont)
1999
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
formed.
2003
Copenhagen declaration signed. All major
sporting federations and 73 governments
approved a resolution accepting the World
Anti-Doping Code as the basis for the fight
against doping.

Different Types of P.E.s

Building Mass and Strength
Mass- and strength-enhancing drugs used
by athletes include:

Anabolic steroids
Beta-2 agonists
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Human growth hormone (hGH)
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
Insulin

Punishments for
Drug Cheats

BEN JOHNSON

C.J. HUNTER

TIM
MONTGOMERY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNuZ0Ocjwzw

BANNED

Effects
In males, the excessive concentrations interfere
with normal sexual function and cause:
Baldness
Infertility
Breast development

In females, the excessive concentrations cause

male characteristics to develop and interfere with
normal female functions. The drugs can:

Stimulate hair growth on the face and body

Suppress or interfere with menstrual cycle, possibly leading
to infertility
Thicken the vocal cords, which causes the voice to deepen,
possibly permanently
If pregnant, interfere with the developing fetus

Different Types of P.E.s

Increasing Oxygen in Tissues
In addition to taking drugs that build
mass and strength, some athletes take
drugs and engage in practices that
increase the amount of oxygen in
tissues, including protein hormones,
artificial oxygen carriers and
blood doping.

Types of P.Es
Masking Pain
Along with training and performing to be
a world-class athlete comes the pain of
injuries. Sometimes, athletes try to
mask their injury pain with drugs,
including narcotics, protein
hormones, cortisone and local
anesthetics.

Stimulants, Relaxants and Weight

Control
Relaxants
Relaxants come in various forms, including
alcohol, prescriptions such as beta-blockers, and
cannabinoid's such as marijuana.
Stimulants
Stimulants include caffeine, amphetamines and
cocaine.
Weight Control
Diuretics

Masking Drug Use

As previously mentioned, diuretics can be
used to reduce the presence of drugs in
urine samples.
Other compounds, including
epitestosterone, plasma expanders
and secretion inhibitors, can be used to
reduce the presence of banned substances
in blood samples.

Shane Warne Sent Home for Using

Banned Drug

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPRgqb8lE8U