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TYPES OF METALS

METALS
Ferrous Metals Non-ferrous metals
Carbon steel
Alloy Steel

Cast Iron
Stainless Steel
Tool and Die

Steels

Aluminum and its

alloys
Copper and its alloys
Magnesium and its
alloys
Nickel and its alloys
Titanium and its
alloys

FERROUS
METALS

CARBON
Low-carbon
steel or mild steel, <
STEELS
0.3%C, bolts, nuts and sheet plates.

Medium-carbon steel, 0.3% ~ 0.6%C,

machinery, automotive and agricultural


equipment.
High-carbon steel, > 0.60% C, springs,

cutlery, cable.

ALLOY
Steels containing
significant amounts of
STEELS

alloying elements.
Structural-grade alloy steels used for
construction industries due to high
strength.
Other alloy steels are used for its
strength, hardness, resistance to creep
and fatigue, and toughness.
It may heat treated to obtain the desired
properties.

CAST
IRON
Iron with 1.7 to 4.5% carbon and 0.5 to 3% silicon

Low cost material usually produced by sand casting


A wide range of properties, depending on composition

& cooling rate


Strength
Hardness
Ductility
Thermal conductivity
Damping capacity

TYPES AND
APPLICATIONS
Grey cast iron
White cast iron
Malleable cast iron

APPLICATIONS
Brake drums, clutch plates
Engines - Cylinder blocks, liners,
Pipe and pipe fittings
Crankshafts, front wheel spindle supports,
steering knuckles, disc brake callipers

STAINLESS
STEELS
Characterized
by their corrosion

resistance, high strength and


ductility, and high chromium
content.
Stainless as a film of chromium
oxide protects the metal from
corrosion.

TOOL AND DIE


Designed for
high strength, impact
STEELS

toughness, and wear resistance at a


range of temperatures.

NON FERROUS
METAL

ALUMINIUM
High strength
to weight ratio
ALLOYS

.
. Resistance to corrosion
. High thermal and electrical
conductivity
. Ease of machinability
. Non-magnetic

MAGNESIUM
Magnesium
(Mg) is the lightest
ALLOYS

metal.
Alloys are used in structural and
non-structural applications.
Typical uses of magnesium alloys
are aircraft and missile components.
Also has good vibration-damping
characteristics.

COPPER
Copper alloys
have electrical and
ALLOYS

mechanical properties, corrosion


resistance, thermal conductivity and
wear resistance.
Applications are electronic
components, springs and heat
exchangers.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

NICKEL ALLOYS
Nickel (Ni) has strength, toughness,
and corrosion resistance to metals.
Used in stainless steels and nickelbase alloys.
Alloys are used for high temperature
applications, such as jet-engine
components and rockets.

TITANIUM
Titanium (Ti)
ALLOYS
is expensive, has high

strength-to-weight ratio and


corrosion resistance.
Used as components for aircrafts,
jet-engines, racing-cars and marine
crafts.

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