Beruflich Dokumente
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SPILLS
OUTLINE
Oil spill
Causes of oil spill
Effects of oil spill
Major Oil Spills
Various types of Preventions
Methodolgy
Conclusions
References
PREVENTIONS
Double-hulling - builddouble hullsinto
vessels, which reduces the risk and
severity of a spill in case of a collision or
grounding. Existing single-hull vessels
can also be rebuilt to have a double hull.
Secondary containment - methods to
prevent releases of oil or hydrocarbons
into environment.
Blowout Preventer
Well castings
Methodology
There are a number of methods
which may apparently be used to
deal with oil spills in seawater. Some
options used for marine protection
from oil pollution include:
Mechanical Collection
Chemical Dispersants
Naturally available materials
By mechanical collection
Setting fire to the oil spill:
Frequently crude oil is set on
fire in a wrecked ship when
an accident occurs. The
problem of burning surface
oil is very difficult due to less
thickness of the layer and
large surface area. The
volatile fraction evaporates
quickly and makes it
impossible to ignite without
doping special measures.
By Chemical Dispersants
Gelling: Spraying
gelling agents with a
certain amount of
mixing energy into the
oil spill causes
formation of gel or
coagulation. The
resulting lumps can be
collected Mixing
easily in
the fine granular solids of
Sinking:
small
vicinity
of density
a wrecked
fairly
high
(sand) culminates into slurry,
sinking
ship. the oil spill to the bottom of the seabed.
Absorbing: Floating oil can be separated due
to absorption applying chemicals.
CONCLUSION
Most oil spills and most serious accidents are
caused by human error, so this can be reduced if
one takes extreme precautions and proper safety
assessments
Focusing on many techniques such as Blowout
preventer and well castings can contain the oil
spill
Use of naturally available materials such as
CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS, ARACHIS HYPOGAEA,
BENTONITE CLAY & ACTIVATED CARBON helps
containing the spill
REFERENCES
Oil Spill
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
Major Oil Spills
http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wildernessresources/stories/the-13-largest-oil-spills-in-history
Spill response dispersants kill fish, journal Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
Dr. Brian Dicks (1998), Paper presented at the International
Seminar on Tanker Safety, Pollution Prevention, Spill Response and
Compensation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil