Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)
1

Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling contd

Tool-Face Angle
Ouija Board
Dogleg Severity
Reverse Torque of Mud Motor
Examples
2

Homework:
READ:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Chapter 8
(to page 375)

Solution

Tool Face ()

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

4

Over one drilled interval (bit run)

GIVEN:

= 16

Solution

Tool Face ()

= 12
o
= 12

2
1
n
o
i
t
a
n
i
l
c
n
I
w
o
Ne
= 12

Initial Inclination = 16

=?
o
=?

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

5

Fig. 8.33

Basis of chart
construction is a
trigonometric
relationship
illustrated by two
intersecting
planes
= dogleg angle
6

Problem 1
Determine the new direction ( ) for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 450 degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.
The inclination is 70 and the direction is
N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 30/30 m.
7

Problem 1
= 7o
= 345o

(inclination)
(azimuth)

= 45

= 45o
(tool face angle)
L = 10 m
(course length)
= 3o/ 30 m
(dogleg severity)

= ? o
8

Solution to Problem 1, part 1

I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate .
The dogleg severity,

(i)
L

L 3 10 m
o

1
i
30 m
9

Solution to Problem 1, part 2

2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.

arc tan
tan

tan sin

sin tan cos cos

tan 1 sin 45

sin 7 tan 1 cos 7 cos 45

tan

0.092027 5.3

New direction =3450 +5.30 = 350.30 = N9.7W

10

Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle,
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of
100 to 300 and from an inclination of 30 to 50.
Also calculate the dogleg severity, assuming
that the trajectory change takes 60 ft.

= 3
N 5
= 10

Find

and

N 30

L 60 ft
11

Solution to Problem 2, part 1

1. Find using Equation 8.53
cos 1 cos sin N sin cos N cos
cos

cos 20

sin 5 sin 3 cos 5 cos 3

o

cos 0.999116 2.4097

12

Solution to Problem 2, part 2

2. Now calculate from equation 8.48.
cos

cos 1

cos cos cos N

sin sin

cos 3 o cos 2.4097 o cos 5 o

o
o
sin 3 sin 2.4097

cos 1 0.7052 45.15 o

13

Solution to Problem 2, part 3

3. The dogleg severity,
o

2.4097
(i)
100
L
60

= 4.01o / 100 ft
Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board
14

Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.

15

Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3o to 7.1o and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram

4 .3
89

N 7.1

L = 85 ft

= 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8.

N 100

= 100 - 89 = 11

16

Solution to Problem 3, part 1

1. From Equation 8.55

2
2 N
2 sin sin
sin
sin

2
2
2

2.8
2 11
2 4.3 7.1
2 sin sin
sin
sin

2
2
2

1/ 2

1/ 2

= 3.01

17

Solution to Problem 3, part 1

1. From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

3.01

(i)
100
L
85

3.5 / 100 feet

o

18

Solution to Problem 3, part 2

2. Construct line of length (4.3o)
Measure angle
(11o )
Construct line of length N (7.1o)
Measure length
(Measure angle )

4.3
o

Ragland Diagram

11

7.1

19

Some Equations to Calculate

Eq. 8.53
arc cos(cos sin N sin cos cos N )
Eq. 8.54
cos cos sinN sin cos sin sin N
Eq. 8.55

2
2 N
2 arc sin sin
sin
sin

2
2
2

20

Overall Angle Change and

Dogleg Severity
Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used to
construct Figure 8.32,
a nomograph for determining
the total angle change and
the dogleg severity, .
21

Fig. 8.32: Chart

for determining
dogleg severity
22

 = 5.7

= 11

= 2.8

=3

= 3.5 /100 ft
23


o
= 5.7

= 11

24

 = 2.8

=3

25

=3

= 3.5 /100 ft
26

 = 5.7

= 11

= 2.8

=3

= 3.5 /100 ft
27

Problem 4 - Torque and Twist

1.Calculate the total angle change of 3,650
ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ID) Grade E
16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft. of 7 drill
collars (2 13/16 ID) for a bit-generated
torque of 1,000 ft-lbf. Assume that the
motor has the same properties as the 7
drill collars. Shear modules of steel, G =
11.5*106 psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were used?
28

Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,
ML
M

GJ

motor

ML

GJ

BHA

ML

GJ

drillstring

4
4
for Pipe, J
OD ID
4.5 4 3.826 4 19.22 in4
32
32

4
for Collars, J
7 2.813 4 229.6 in 4
32
29

Solution to Problem 4, cont.

M L
M
G J

collars

L

J

in
1,000 ft.lbs 12
ft

lbf
11 .5 10 2
in

pipe

radians

300 12in 3,650 12 in

4
4
19.22 in
229.6 in

0.001043 15.68 2,278.88 2.394 radians

180 deg
2.394 rad
137.2o
rad
30

Solution to Problem 4, cont.

If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,
M = 0.001043 15.68+2*2278.88]
= 4.77 radians *

M 273.3

180 deg
rad

~ 3/4 revolution!
137.2

31

Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.

= S48W = 228o
N = N53W = 307o
= 2o
L = 150 ft
N = 6 o
= 79o

Find and

From Ouija Board,

32

New
Direction

Where to Set the Tool Face

High
Side

Present Direction

High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

33

Dogleg Severity
From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

5 .8

(i)
100
L
150

3.87 / 100 feet

o

34

With jetting bit: 325

307

Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
Example
8.10.

345

M = 20

228

35

Tool Face
Setting
New
Direction

High
Side

Where to Set the Tool Face

Compensating for Reverse
Torque of the Motor

Present
Direction
High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

36