FUEL INJECTION

Fuel Injection

Limitation of carburetor / Necessity

of fuel injection

In Multi cylinder engine difficult for a single

carburetor to supply uniform quality and quantity.
Venturi throat of the carburetor causes a restriction
in the passage of air flow to the engine. If the throat
is made a larger for this reason, the problem of
suitable mixture supply
Carburetor has many wearing parts, After wear its
operates less efficiency.
Loss of volumetric efficiency due to flow of mixture
in choke tube, inlet pipe bends.

Merits of Fuel Injection

Absence of Venturi No Restriction in Air Flow/Higher

Vol. Eff./Torque/Power
Manifold Branch Pipes Not concerned with Mixture
Preparation (MPI)
Better Acceleration Response (MPI)
Fuel Atomization Generally Improved
Use of Sensors to Monitor Operating Parameters/Gives
Accurate Matching of Air/fuel Requirements: Improves
Power, Reduces fuel consumption and Emissions
Precise in Metering Fuel in Ports
Precise Fuel Distribution Between Cylinders (MPI)
Fuel Transportation in Manifold not required (MPI) so no
Wall Wetting
Fuel Surge During Fast Cornering or Heavy Braking
Eliminated
Adaptable and Suitable For Supercharging (SPI and MPI)

TYPE OF INJECTION SYSTEM

Direct injection
system
Direct injection
forces fuel into the engine
combustion chambers.
Diesel injection systems
are direct type

Indirect injection
system
An indirect injection
system sprays fuel into the
engineintake manifold.
Most
gasoline injection
systems are of this
type.

TYPE OF INJECTION SYSTEM

Mono point injection (or) Single
point injection (or) Throttle body
injection (TBI)
Multi point injection (or)
Port fuel injection (PFI)

Mono point injection (or) Single point

injection (or) Throttle body injection (TBI)
The point or location of fuel
injection is one way to
classify a gasoline injection
system.
A single-point injection
system, also call throttle
body injection (TBI), has
the injector nozzles in a
throttle body assembly on
top of the engine. Fuel is
sprayed into the top center of
the intake manifold
Also Called Manifold Injection or
Single Point Injection (SPI) or
Throttle Body Injection (TBI)

Multi point injection (or)

Port fuel injection (PFI)
A multi-Point injection
system,also called port
injection, has an injector
in the port (air-fuel
passage) going to each
cylinder. Gasoline is
sprayed into each intake
port and toward each
intake valve. Thereby, the
term multipoint(more
than one location) fuel
injection is used

FUEL INJECTION TYPES

MECHANICAL (CAM) CONTROLLED

GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM

ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED
GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM
The supply of fuel and timing are controlled
by Electronic is known as Electronic
controlled gasoline injection system.
This mainly used for Spark ignition system
(SI) Engine.
It Consists of four units.
1. Fuel delivery system
2. Air induction system
3. Sensors and Air flow control system
4. Electronics control units (ECU)

ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED
GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM

ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED
GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM

ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED
GASOLINE INJECTION SYSTEM

Fuel circuit components

Fuel pumps

Fuel line hoses

Fuel filters

Common rail and Pressure sensor

MECHANICAL FUEL PUMP

FUEL IN

INLET VALVE

FUEL OUT

DELIVERY
VALVE

DIAPHRAG
M
DIAPHRAGM
SPRING

PULL ROD
SEAL

ECCENTRIC ON
CAMSHAFT

Drain Hole
Acts as a breather for
diaphragm, but is also
a tell-tale hole - fuel
will leak out of it if the
diaphragm splits. Oil
will leak out if the
piston rod seal fails.

Automotive Engineering

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Electric Fuel Pumps - Low Pressure

1

9
4

12

Contact Breaker Points 8 Magnet Armature

Magnet Coil
9 Diaphragm Assembly
Return Spring
10 Inlet Valve
Outlet Valve
11 Inlet Connection
Outlet Connection
12 Filter
Electrical Supply Connection
Automotive Engineering
Pushrod

11
10

FUEL INJECTOR

Controlling Parameters to Sense

(Some of the Parameters)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Engine Speed
Amount of Inlet Air (Engine Load)
Throttle Position
Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Altitude
Cranking Speed
Exhaust Oxygen Concentration
Battery Voltage