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ATOMIC
ORBITAL &
ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION
2
s orbitals p orbitals
d orbitals
QUANTUM NUMBERS
The shape, size, and energy of each orbital is a
function of 3 quantum numbers:
n (major) ---> shell
l (angular) ---> subshell
ml (magnetic) ---> designates an orbital
within a subshell
5
QUANTUM NUMBERS
Symbol Values Description
Shells
Shells and
and Subshells
Subshells
When n = 1, then l = 0 and ml = 0
Therefore, in n = 1, there is 1 type of
subshell
and that subshell has a single orbital
(ml=0 has a single value ---> 1 orbital)
1s Orbital
9
2s Orbital
10
3s Orbital
11
When
Whennn==2, 2,then
thenll==00and
andll==11
Therefore,
Therefore,when
whennn==22there
thereare
are22
types
typesof
oforbitals
orbitals— —22subshells
subshells
For
Forll==00 mml l==0,
0, sssubshell
subshell
planar node
When l = 1, there is a
For
Forll==11 m
ml l==-1,
-1,0,
0,+1
+1 NODAL PLANE
this isaap
thisis p subshell
subshell
with33 orbitals
with orbitals
pp Orbitals
Orbitals
3dxy Orbital
16
Arrangement of
Electrons in Atoms
Electrons in atoms are arranged as
SHELLS (n)
SUBSHELLS (l)
ORBITALS (ml)
17
Arrangement of
Electrons in Atoms
Each orbital can be assigned no
more than 2 electrons!
This is tied to the existence of a 4th
quantum number, the electron
spin quantum number, ms.
18
Electron
Spin
Quantum
Number,
ms
QUANTUM
NUMBERS
nn --->
---> shell
shell 1,
1, 2,
2, 3,
3, 4,
4, ...
...
ll --->
---> subshell
subshell 0,
0, 1,
1, 2,
2, ...
... nn -- 11
m
ml l --->
---> orbital
orbital -l-l ...
... 00 ...
... +l
+l
m
ms s --->
---> electron
electron spin
spin+1/2
+1/2 and
and -1/2
-1/2
20
Electron
Filling
Order
24
Writing
Writing Atomic
Atomic Electron
Electron
Configurations
Configurations
Two
Two ways
ways ofof
writing
writing configs.
configs.
One
One is
is called
called spdf notation
the spdf
the spdf for H, atomic number = 1
notation.
notation. no. of
1
1s electrons
value of l
value of n
25
Writing
Writing Atomic
Atomic Electron
Electron
Configurations
Configurations
Two
Two ways
ways ofof
writing
writing ORBITAL BOX NOTATION
configs. for He, atomic number = 2
configs. Other
Other
is
is called
called the
the Arrows
orbital
2 depict
orbital box
box 1s electron
notation.
notation. spin
1s