The Ideal Templates for I.C.

Engines

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

A Characteristic of Civilized
Engineering.

Options for Temporal Cycles

Carnot Cycle
Brayton Cycle
Stirling Cycle
Atkinson Cycle
.

Isentropic Creation of Temperature

v4
v1

THigh

Nicolaus Otto
Nicolaus Ottowas born on June 14, 1832 in
Holzhausen, Germany.
Otto's first occupation was as a traveling
salesman selling tea, coffee, and sugar.
He soon developed an interest in the new
technologies of the day and began
experimenting with building four-stroke
engines.
After meeting Eugen Langen, a technician and owner of a sugar
factory, Otto quit his job, and in 1864, the duo started the world's
first engine manufacturing company N.A. Otto & Cie (now
DEUTZ AG, Kln).
In 1867, the pair were awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris World
Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier.

Displacement Work Devices : Spark Ignition Engine

FUEL

A
I

Ignition

Fuel/Air
Mixture

Intake
Stroke

Compression
Stroke

Combustion
Products

Power
Stroke

Exhaust
Stroke

SI Engine for Propulsion

FUEL

A
I

Otto Cycle

Ignition

Fuel/Air
Mixture

Combustion
Products

Actual
Engine

Intake
Stroke

Otto
Cycle

Compression
Stroke

Power
Stroke

Qin

Air

Exhaust
Stroke

Qout

TC

BC

Compression
Process

Const volume
heat addition
Process

Expansion
Process

Const volume
heat rejection
Process

Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel

Diesel was born in Paris, France in 1858 the
second of three children of Elise and
Theodor Diesel.
At age 14, Rudolf wrote a letter to his
parents stating that he wanted to become an
engineer.
After finishing his basic education at the top
of his class in 1873, he enrolled at the
newly-founded Industrial School of
Augsburg.
Two years later, he received a merit
scholarship from the Royal Bavarian
Polytechnic of Munich, which he accepted
against the wishes of his parents, who
would rather have seen him start to work.

 Diesel was graduated in January 1880 with highest

academic honours and returned to Paris, where he assisted
his former Munich professor, Carl von Linde, with the
design and construction of a modern refrigeration and ice
plant.
Diesel became the director of the plant one year later.
In early 1890, Diesel moved to Berlin.
Diesel understood thermodynamics and the theoretical and
practical constraints on fuel efficiency.
He first worked with steam, his research into thermal
efficiency and fuel efficiency leading him to build a steam
engine using ammonia vapour.
During tests, however, the engine exploded and almost
killed him.
He spent many months in a hospital, followed by health
and eyesight problems.

 He then began designing an engine based on the Carnot

cycle, and in 1893, Diesel published a treatise entitled
Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wrmemotors
zum Ersatz der Dampfmaschine und der heute bekannten
Verbrennungsmotoren.
Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat-engine to
Replace the Steam Engine and Combustion Engines
Known Today.
This formed the basis for his work on and invention of, the
diesel engine.
Eventually he obtained a patent for his design for a
compression-ignition engine.
In his engine, fuel was injected at the end of compression
and the fuel was ignited by the high temperature resulting
from compression.

Displacement Work Devices : Compression Ignition

Engine
A
I
R

Combustion
Products

Air

Intake
Stroke

Compression
Stroke

Power
Stroke

Exhaust
Stroke

Ideal Diesel Cycle

Qin

Qout

Air

BC

Compression
Process

Const pressure
heat addition
Process

Expansion
Process

Const volume
heat rejection
Process