1

Chapter 1:
Introduction to Hazard
and Risk
BY: MUHAMMAD IMRAN ISMAIL
PENSYARAH, FAK. KEJ. KIMIA

(Lecture
1.1)
CHE 135

PLANT SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH

Syllabus Content
2

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to hazard and risk (W1-2)

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Safety versus health

Engineers and safety (1.3, pg 5)
Inherently safe plant (1.7, pg 20)
Examples from past industrial accidents (1.8, pg 23)
Causes of accident
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (3.2, pg 81)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (3.4, pg 101)

Assignme
nt 1

CHAPTER 2: Toxicology

(W1-2)

a) Entering and elimination route of toxicants from biological organisms (2.1-2.2, pg

38)
b) Effects of toxic (2.3, pg 42)
c) Dose versus response model (2.5, pg 44)
d) Threshold limit value (2.8, pg 56)

Syllabus Content (cont)

3

Chapter 3: Industrial hygiene (W5)

a) Industrial hygiene: identification (3.2, pg 78)
b) Industrial hygiene: evaluation (3.3, pg 84)
c) Industrial hygiene: control (3.4, pg 99)
Chapter 4: Safety legislation and regulations (W6-7)
a) Regulatory bodies
Test 1
b) OSHA 1994
c) FMA 1967
Chapter 5: Hazard identification (W8-9) (11.0, pg 491)
Assignme
a) Definition
nt 2
b) Type of hazards
c) Toxic hazard, fire hazard and explosion hazard (2.0, pg 37)
d) Hazard reduction and control

Syllabus Content (cont)

4

Chapter 6: Hazard and risk assessment (W10-11)

a) Hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) (11.3, pg 510)
b) Fault tree analysis (FTA) (12.3, pg 553)
c) Event tree analysis (ETA) (12.3, pg 560)
d) Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) (12.4, pg 561)
1. Definition of risk
2. TNO explosion analysis (6.13, pg 287)
3. Probit analysis (2.6, pg 51)
4. Safe distances
5. Risk reduction and management
Chapter 7: Emergency planning (W12-13) (3.1, pg 73)
a) On-site emergency planning
b) Off-site emergency planning
Chapter 8: Process safety management (W14) (3.1, pg 71)
a) Key elements for effective safety management system
b) Safety management audit, safety audit

Test 2
Assignme
nt 3

Topic for today

5

CHAPTER 1:

Introduction to hazard and risk

a) Safety versus health
b) Engineers and safety
Lecture
c) Inherently safe plant 1.1
d) Examples from past industrial accidents
Assignmen
e) Causes of accident
t1
f) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Lecture 1.2
g) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Lecture
1.3

Outlines of Presentation
6

Part 1
Introduction to hazard and
risk
Hazard
Risk

Safety vs Health
Engineers and Safety
Inherent Safety

he student should be able to:

Define hazard and rsik

Differentiate between safety and health

Identify the relation between engineers and safety

Explain the importance of safety in plant

Part 1
Introduction to Hazard &
Risk

Hazard
Definition of Hazard :

Hazards
a chemical or physical condition that has
potential to cause damage to people,
property, or to the environment.

Example of hazard : Physical

condition
10

Risk
11

Definition of Risk :

Risk
a measure of human injury, environment damage or
economic loss in term of both the incident likelihood and
the magnitude of the loss or injury.
Example of risk calculation;
Risk = Likelihood x Consequence
Risk = Hazard x Exposure

Risiko (Risk)
12

Risiko : gabungan
kemungkinan/kebarangkalian dan keterukan
bagi kejadian berhazard tertentu yang berlaku

Risik
=
o

Keterukan
Kemungkinan berlaku
x
hazad
hazad
Kemungkinan = Kejadian yg. mungkin berlaku dalam tempoh
khusus atau dalam keadaan tertentu
Keterukan = Hasil drpd. kejadian yg. berlaku cth. Keterukan
kecederaan/kesihatan

Types of hazard classification and its potential injury or disease.

Hazard
Chemical

Mists
Vapors
Gases
Dusts
Fumes

Physical

EXAMPLES
Noise
Vibration
Extremes
temperature
Excessive
radiation

Biological

Biology agent
(eg :insect)
Microorganisms
Molds
Fungi
Bacteria / Virus

Contoh: Chemical hazard

14

Phenol

Other name: Phenylic acid/Phenyl hydroxide/

Hydroxybenznene

Hazard

Chemical

Physical

Biological

Psycholog
ical

Mechanical
& Electrical

EXAMPLES

Electrical, plant & equipment, manual

Electric
Stress handling
Violenc
e
Drugs
Alcohol

al
Plant &
equipm
ent
Manual
handlin

Safety vs
Occupational
Health

16

Definisi : Occupational Safety ?

17

Definisi : Occupational Safety ?

18

Occupational Health
19

Thehealthand well
being of
peopleemployedin
awork environment.
Example: hearing
loss, asbestosis

Health Hazards

Health Hazards The symbols shown below

are often used to denote health hazards.

en

al
r
e

o
n
so
i
Po

us

ro
r
o

io
d
a

ve
i
s
B

e
it v
ac

lo
o
i

al
c
gi

Engineers and Safety

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22

Engineers and Safety

Combine knowledge of an
engineering discipline, as well as
health or safety regulations
related to their discipline to keep
work environments, building and
people safe from harm.
The work of safety engineers helps
their employers lower costs of
insurance and comply with laws
and regulations related to health

Inherent Safety

24

Definition
25

Definition (cont)
26

Def: Conditionof minimumhazardin normal or

reasonably foreseeable use of
aproduct,device, orprocess.
Inherently safe does not mean
thataccidentscannot happen in any
circumstance.