Design &development of

questionnaire

Introduction:Questionnaire is a tool used to

collect
information from your target
population, Questionnaire are preferred in
most of surveys because they are less
expensive.
Large sample/population can be dealt with
Simultaneously in questionnaires as mailing is
possible. Further, the impersonal and
standardised formats of questionnaires has
uniformity and tend to be a little more
objective.
If answer of certain questions are

Defination:(1)
Questionnaire is the instrument for
data in survey research for large
Collection
Collection
in survey research for large
population.
population.
(2)
A Questionnaire is a formalized set of
(2) questions
A Questionnaire
is a formalized
set of
aimed at eliciting
information
regarding
questions facts,
aimedlevel
at eliciting
of knowledge,
information
attitudes,
regarding
facts, level of knowledge,
need
and motivations.
attitudes, need and motivations.

When to use a questionnaire: When resources & money are limited:A Questionnaire can be quite
inexpensive to administer. Although
preparation may be costly, and data
collection scheme will have simillare
preparation expenses.
When protect the privacy of the
participants:Questionnaire are easy to administer
confidentially. Often confidentiality is the
necessary to ensure participants will respond

Design of QUESTIONNAIRE:The design of a questionnaire will

depend on whether the researcher
wishes to collect exploratory
information.
i.e.:- Qualititive information(for the
purpose of better understanding for
the generation of hypotheses. Subject)
OR
Quantitative information ( to test

# information sought: The first step is to decide, what are

the things questionnaires need to know
from the respondent In order to meet the
surveys objective?
From where the required
information will collect the
questionnaire?
Target population has to be specified
by them.

# methods of administration: From which method will be used for

collecting data?
when the questionnaire elicits
information regarding behaviour,
attitudes and opinion, it is desirable to
use an interview along with the
questionnaire.
mail survey or telephone survey may
be used, particularly for demographic
properties like age, income, occupation
and the like, as in most survey research.

# types of questionnaire:-

(1) dichotomous:Surveys often use dichotomous questions

that ask for a yes/no, true/false, or
agree/disagree formats. Question may
demand choice or preferences by the
respondent through an agree/disagree
format.
i.e.:(1) Please enter your gender.
Male--------Female -----(2) Marrital status:Married -------

(2) Level of measurement:In this method the options are given. This
method is called one kind of coding. This
is a multiple choice type questions.
i.e.:-we can measure occupation using a
nominal question.
(1)What is your occupation?
1= truck driver.
2= lawyer.
3= accountant.
4= others.

 Likert scale:(1)Your supervisor is fair.

Strongly disagree neutral
strongly
Disagree
agree
1
2
3
5

agree

CUMULATIVE:(1) Please check all that apply.

I Think my company cares about me.
I think my company is moral.
I think my supervisor is moral.

(3) Filter questions:Some times you have to ask the respondent

one question in order to determine if they are
qualified or experienced enough to answer a
subsequent one. This requires using a filter
questions.
(1) Have you called in this month?
Yes -----No ------If, yes
(2) How many times?
1 ----2 -----3 ------

# form of response:The response format deals

particularlywith the freedom of the
researcher and that of the respondent.
The formats usually used,
(1) open-ended.
(2) multiple choice questions.

# wording & phrasing of

questions:In this regard, the basic principle is to make
the questions simple and straightforward.
Question should be easily understood by
respondent.
Question should be simple means should
convey only one thought at a time.
Question should be conform as much as
possible to the respondents way of thinking.
i.e.:-how would you rate your organisations
productivity?
very high moderate
very low

# sequence of questions:Simple questions in the beginning ,

sensitive ones in the middle and
controversial ones and complex
questions in the end are desirable
because generally it has been found
that the efficiency of response is high
in the beginning and low at the end.

# LAY-OUT OF THE
QUESTIONNAIRE:The format and layout of the
questionnaire should be physically
designed so as to eliminate recording
errors. The quality of the paper along
with its colour, must be good so that it
may attract the attention of
recipients.

# pre-test/pilot study of
questionnaire:The pre-test is generally done on a
small sample of respondents who are
similar to the respondents of the main
study.
Is the number of respondent
sufficient?
which are the items to be pretested?
A small group of the respondent are

Development of questionnaire:(1)Decide the information required.

(2)Decide the research problems presentpast face researcher.
(3)Put the questions in meaningful order
and sequevance.
(4)Decide the question content.
(5)Check the length of the question.
(6)Prepare rough draft of the
questionnaire.
(7)Develop words of the questions.
(8)Pre-test/pilot study of the questionnaire.

Thank
you