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Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn tp ch


quc t (2)
(Radiotechnology, Chinese Medicine, Cardiology)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t


mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc


tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative


specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research


problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin


cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to


achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng


m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and


practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu While cancer ranks as the tenth leading cause of
mortality, the medical field strives to detect cancer in its early stages along with
appropriate therapy. Using radioactive rays is an effective means of helping physicians to
diagnose whether a tumor exists, and is also used in tumor patient therapy. However,
radiation poses a potential harm, necessitating the importance of controlling dosage
levels during diagnostic radiology and therapy.
Vn nghin cu The conventional radiological therapeutic cobalt-60 procedure and
the traditional linear acceleator can not adequately control the radiation beam with
respect to the tumor size. Some normal cells may subsequently suffer from radiation
during use of the latter to eradicate abnormal cells. Additionally, a normal tissue absorbs
an increasing radiactive dosage given the pervasive use of radiology treatment.
Therefore, physicians and radiologists heavily emphasize the need to adequately control
the dosae from a linear accelerator. Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) is the most
convenient and precise means of estimating radiation dosage. Accurate measurements
obtained from TLD can be adopted to verify whether the irradiated area made by a linear
accelerator is even. Additionally, using TLD to estimate radiation dosage can verify the
effectiveness of a therapeutic strategy.

V d 1 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
According to ICRP recommendations, radiology technology
professionals should not be exposed to a radiation level
exceeding 5 rem annually while the general public should
not be exposed to more than 0.5 rem annually.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
use TLD to test and verify the irradiated area made by a
linear accelerator and the dosage makes it impossible to
ensure the quality of the accelerator and the reliability of
the medical treatment therapy in confirming the dosage and
the desired outcome.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a TLD
measurement method than can compare the radiation dose predicted by a
therapeutic treatment plan and actual dose measurements for verification purposes.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the radiation dose
can be determined using TLDs. Measurement results obtained using TLDs and an
ion chamber can then be compared to obtain an accurate dosage. Next, the
exposure uniformity can be verified using TLDs, thus confiring the effectiveness of
the therapeutic treatment plan.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed TLD measurement method can
reduce percentage error of therapeutic treatment plans by 5%. Hence, absorption
dose of TLDs can further determined whether therapeutic treatment plan is
adequately thorough. Moreover, comparing the dosage measure of TLDs with that
of the treatment plan allows us to verify the preciseness of such plans if if the
measurement dosage of the TLDs is the same as that of the treatment plans.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In addition to verifying the
reliability of therapeutic treatment plans, the proposed measurement method can
ensure that such plans adhere to quality assurance stands and elevate the accuracy
and safety level when treating carcinogenesis patients.

V d 2: Radiotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Surgery, radiotherapy and chemical therapy are
three conventional approaches to treat cancer. Radiotherapy is the most effective
means of using radiation for successful resolution. Owing to their inability to estimate
precisely the dose required for cancer patients, conventional radiotherapy methods
normally underestimate or overestimate the actual treatment dose.
Vn nghin cu Therefore, evaluating the proper and correct dose exactly and
efficiently is an extremely complex task in radiotherapy. For instance, conventional
dose measurement methods depend on thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), which
is inefficient owing to that it requires six to eight hours to reuse. Estimating the
accurate radiation dose for treatment efficiently is essential during a radiation
examination or radiotherapy course.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, a
thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) is conventionally used to estimate the radiation
dose because this approach spends too much time in annealing or the next time
measurement. For one time use, TLD wastes approximately six to eight hours to
prepare. Thus, the same group of TLDs can only make two counts in one day.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to reduce the time that TLD
spends in annealing results in an unnecessarily long time in waiting for experimental
results.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, a novel material, i.e.
polycrystalline diamond films produced by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD), can be developed for determining efficiently and
straightforwardly the radiation dose of patients or staff.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, following
illumination by indoor light, CVD diamond films can be analyzed to
characterize their fundamental properties. CVD diamond films irradiated
by a linear accelerator can then be counted to elucidate the behavior of
CVD diamond films in a high-energy region.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, in addition to this new
thermoluminescence material reducing additional annealing time,, CVD
diamond films are a good dosimeter owing to their sensitivity to highenergy radiation.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Moreover, without
the requirement of annealing, this material is highly promising for other
applications, especially in radiotherapy.

V d 3: Chinese medicine
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Given its extensive use for many centuries,
Chinese herbal medicine has received increasing emphasis among clinical
researchers in Taiwan, as evidenced by the analysis of its efficacy by several
analytical methods.
Vn nghin cu However, extracting traditional Chinese medicine requires
a large quantity of medicinal components and cooking for extended periods,
making it less efficient to produce than Western medicine.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance,
preparing traditional Chinese medicine for intake requires at least 2 hours in
arrangement, making it an inefficient procedure.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to adopt scientific
methods to extract the valid compounds of traditional Chinese medicine makes
it infeasible for modern clinical practice owing to its inefficiency.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop an extraction
method for the valid compounds of traditional Chinese medicine through
animal-based clinical trials for eventual use in humans.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, components of
traditional Chinese medicine such as Chinese rhubarb can be collected in a
container and then extracted by supercritical fluids. Following extraction, the
traditional Chinese medicine can then be analyzed quantitatively and
qualitatively by LC-Mass. Next, exactly what chemical elements are found in
traditional Chinese medicine can be confirmed through analysis. Additionally,
the major chemical components can be adopted in animal or cell-based
experiments.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed extraction method can reduce
nearly half the time required by conventional approaches in extracting the valid
compounds of Chinese medicine, making it an economically viable alternative.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Moreover, the proposed
method can significantly reduce the time required to prepare Chinese medicine
for consumption as well as ensure safe and modern applications for clinical
medicine.

V d 4: Cardiology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu The conventional means of treating coronary artery
disease is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) combining stents.
However, according to the results of a three-year follow up study, the restenosis rate
approaches 25%, necessitating a more effective treatment procedure to decrease this
rate.
Vn nghin cu Conventional stent belongs to a foreign body for humans, easily
inducing smooth muscle proliferation. If the stent is an eluted drug on its surface,
avoiding the drug run off in a relatively short time and determining the most optimal dose
area of priority concern. The inability to resolve this problem results in recurrent PTCA
treatment for 20%-30% of all CAD patients.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, a concentration
under 10-2 ug for the eluted drug makes it impossible to control smooth muscle
proliferation. However, a concentration exceeding 1 ug would be toxic, subsequently
inducing an aneurysm. Eluted with a polymer technique, the drug is classified according
to the speed of release: slow, medium or fast release. Exactly which approach is the
most effective one must be determined.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability of the stent to resist the
proliferation of a smooth muscle makes it impossible to decrease the incidence rate of
in-stent restenosis. To avoid this situation, much effort has been expended in
developing an effective drug that prevents the further proliferation of smooth muscles.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should determine the most
appropriate concentration of an eluted drug, eliminating the need for recurrent
treatment and conserving national health insurance costs.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, conventional
treatment for CAD can be adopted under the physics principle that an increase
in the density of the plaque narrows the vessel, subsequently shrinking the
plaque so that the blood flow can run freely. Local treatment with a drug can
prevent further proliferation of the plaque, ensuring that the blood flow is
maintained without obstruction.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that using antiproliferation of the smooth muscle ensures precise control of the eluted
concentration and releasing period, making the outcome of 3-year follow-up
treatment more desirable than with conventional treatment.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, adopting this
novel therapeutic approach can reduce the risk of recurrent PTCA, decrease
both the fatality rate and medical expenses, as well as elevate the quality of life.

Ti liu tham kho


Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at


http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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