Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 5
Geography
Land & islands, many miles of coastline,
inlets, bays, deep harbors
Seas Aegean, Mediterranean, Ionian
Poor resources on land (couldnt farm)
Led to increased sea travel, trade,
imports
Geography
Land - very mountainous (Mt. Olympus)
Difficult to unite under one government,
divided the people, became fiercely
independent (city-states)
Climate moderate (Mediterranean)
temperature, led to outdoor activities
shopping, civic meetings, athletics,
interaction
First Greeks
Minoans from
Crete
Wealthy traders,
large homes, fancy
clothes, jewelry
Ended by
earthquake,
volcano, tidal
wave?
Mycenaeans
Mycenae built on
steep hills
Fortified with stone
walls, bronze age
Trojan War (1200 BCE)
Greek kings attacked
Troy in Asia Minor
Greeks wife stolen by
Trojan man
Archaeological
evidence that this was
true
Dorians
1200 BCE 800 BCE
Mycenaean civilization
collapsed
From North of Greece
came with iron
weapons
Little skill, less
advanced
Trade and progress at
a stand still
Skill of writing lost
Dark Ages
Homer
Blind poet
Depended on spoken word (bards
storytellers)
Wrote long epics ideals of heroism,
excellence , courage, honor
Interested in individuals; heroes
compete for glory
The Iliad and The Odyssey (750 BCE)
about the Trojan War
Leaders cont.
Cleisthenes 508 BC expanded
democracy by extending citizenship;
began practice of ostracism banishing
any citizen deemed dangerous to the
state
Pericles 461 BC popular leader;
opened government to all men, paid
salaries to public officials The Age of
Pericles or The Golden Age height of
democracy; art, science, trade,
manufacturing thrived
Athens
Polis - city-state (basic political unit)
Acropolis hill, central meeting place
Agora below hill, open place for meetings
Citizens - those who took part in govt.
Hoplites heavily armed infantry soldiers
Phalanx marching formation shoulder to
shoulder
http://www.history.com/videos/deco
nstructing-history-the-acropolis
Athens cont.
Democratic society
The Assembly was the major political
body
All male citizens belonged; all were
equal & had freedom of speech
Jury system for court cases
Had to educate sons - participate in
govt.
2 years military service at age 18
SPARTA
Military society & aristocracy
Harsh life
Invaded other cities to fulfill needs;
greatest warriors in Greece
If a child was born sickly or
deformed, they were left in hills to
die
Sparta
At age 7, boys were sent to military;
at 60 they could retire; girls got
rigorous physical training also
Women were strong and fit to
become mothers
Suspicious of new ideas - NO CHANGE
Sparta lagged far behind other cities
in economic development
http://www.history.com/videos/spar
tans
Acropolis
Amphitheater of Epidaurus
Persian Wars
499 BC Persians control largest empire
Persians want revenge for Greek support of
Ionian revolt (Greeks burned capital)
Darius attacks Greece at (1) MARATHON
Greeks outnumbered but win battle
Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens
(26 miles) to announce victory died;
modern day marathon
Minor defeat for Persia but showed they
could be beaten
Persian Wars
480 BC-Xerxes, son of Darius,
invades
Sparta leads the Greeks (united)
To delay Persia, the Spartans
slow them at (2) THERMOPYLAE
(a mountain pass)
Thermopylae
Leonidas
The Agora
Classical Greece
Writers
Philosophers
Pottery
Olympics
Religion
Historians
Sculpture
Architecture
Philosophy cont.
Aristotle (384-322
BC) wrote on
philosophy,
science, & govt.
Tutored Alexander
the Great.
History
Herodotus father of history
described the Persian invasion;
embellished with fable and
superstition; not very accurate
Thucydides accurate account of
Peloponnesian War; eyewitness
accounts; facts
Theatre
Dramas, outdoor amphitheatres
Tragedies:
Aeschylus Agamemnon; Persian
Wars; gods provided justice
Euripedes Medea, criticized war,
prejudice, greed
Comedies:
Aristophanes satirized political
leaders
Architecture
Parthenon most famous; temple
to Athena (Wisdom) atop the
Acropolis in Athens
Use of columns Doric, Ionic,
Corinthian (elaborate, curly)
Amphora Vase
The Olympics
776 BC; held every 4 years
Athletes traveled to Mt. Olympus to
honor Zeus
Glory in athletic competition
Pentathlon most important event (5)
long jump, javelin, discus, foot
race, wrestling
Men only (naked)
Prize honor and fame for your city
Democracy
GREECE
Direct Democracy
citizens were
members of
legislature
Citizenship based
on Athenian
ancestry
Women denied
political rights
Slavery permitted
U.S.
Representative
Democracy
citizens elect
representatives
Citizenship based
on American birth
or naturalization
Women equal
rights
Slavery prohibited
Contributions - Hellenistic
Aristarchus Proposed that earth
revolved around sun (not widely
supported)
Ptolemy Earth at center of
universe
Eratosthenes believed earth was
round, computed circumference
Euclid - basis of geometry
Archimedes pi, lever and pulley