1

THE PERIODIC
TABLE

THE PERIODIC TABLE

Metal elements

Transition metals

Semi
Metal
elements

Lanthanides
Actinides

Noble gases

Non Metal elements

Halogens

Alkali earth elements

Alkali metals

Semi Metal elements

FIRST 20 ELEMENTS
PROTON
NUMBER
1

ELEMENT

SYMBOL

Hydrogen

ELECTRONIC
CONFIGURATION
1

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

2.1

Berillium

Be

2.2

Boron

2.3

Carbon

2.4

Nitrogen

2.5

Oxygen

2.6

Fluorine

2.7

10

Neon

Ne

2.8

FIRST 20 ELEMENTS
PROTON
NUMBER
11

ELEMENT

12

Magnesium

Mg

2.8.2

13

Aluminium

Al

2.8.3

14

Silicone

Si

2.8.4

15

Phosphorus

2.8.5

16

Sulphur

2.8.6

17

Chlorine

Cl

2.8.7

18

Argon

Ar

2.8.8

19

Potassium

2.8.8.1

20

Calcium

Ca

2.8.8.2

Sodium

SYMBO
ELECTRONIC
L
CONFIGURATION
Na
2.8.1

1.2 UNDERSTANDING THE

ELEMENTS OF GROUP 1
POSITION OF THE
GROUP 1
ELEMENTS

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
THE
GROUP 1 ELEMENTS

REACTION OF GROUP 1
ELEMENTS WITH WATER

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 17

1. Reacts with water to form an acidic
solution
eg :
Chlorine + water Hydrochloric acid + hypochlorous acid

2. Reacts with metal to form metal

halides
eg :
Ferum + Chlorine Ferum Chloride

3. Reacts with sodium hydroxide to form

water and salt
eg :
Chlorine + sodium hydroxide Sodium Chloride + sodium
hypochloride + water

1.4 UNDERSTANDING THE

ELEMENTS OF GROUP 18
POSITION OF THE GROUP 18
ELEMENTS

The group 18 elements are the least

reactive elements in the periodic table.
This is why they are called the noble gases

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF

THE ELEMENTS OF GROUP 18

Helium

Neon

10

2.8

Argon

18

2.8.8

Crypton

36

2.8.18.8

Xenon

54

2.8.18.18.8

Radon

86

2.8.18.32.18.8

DENSITY

BOILING
POINT

Increasing

NUMBER OF
ELECTRON
PROTON
CONFIGURATION

Increasing

NOBLE
GASES

These electron arrangements are very

stable
That is why the noble gases are so
unreactive and do not usually form bonds
with other atoms
This is also why their molecules consist
of single atoms. They are said to be
monoatomic

1.5 UNDERSTANDING THE

ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3
CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3
Elements in
Period 3

Na

Mg

Al

Si

Cl

Ar

Number of
proton

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Atomic size
Melting point

Decreasing

Electronegativity

Increasing

Metallic
character
Electrical
conductivity

Decreasing

Increasing

Decreasing

Good

Average

Weak

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS
Oxides of
Period 3
elements
Sodium oxide

Chemica Characteristic
pH of
l
s
of oxides aqueous
formulae
solution
s
Na2O
Base
14

Magnesium
oxide
Aluminium oxide

MgO

Base

Al2O3

Amphoteric

Silicon dioxide

SiO2

Weak acid

Phosphorus
pentoxide
Sulphur dioxide

P4O10

Acid

SO2

Acid

Dichlorine

Cl2O7

Acid