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OMF010002 Handover
ISSUE 2.0
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able to:
Understand the type of handover.
Master handover judgment flow
Configure handover data
Master handover signaling flow
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Purposes of HO
To keep a continuous communication with a moving MS
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Classification by Reason
Emergency HO
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Classification by Synchronization
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OM forced HO
Directed retry
Penalty
processing
Basic ranking
Secondary
ranking
TA emergency HO
BQ emergency HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
RSD emergency
HO
Fast moving MS
HO
Interf. emergency HO
Overlaid/underlaid HO
Load Sharing HO
HO judgment
Processing
program
1
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Measurement Report
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level, downlink
Serving cell
Neighbour cell
The downlink
measurement report
of the serving cell
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MR interpolation
Every time BSC receives a measurement report, there will
be an update to the basic rank of the cells.
BTS may fail to receive the measurement report from MS.
Before the rank-update, BSC needs to recover the lost
measurement reports according to Filter Table. If the lost
MR amount is within the allowed range, then recovers the
lost MR according to the algorithm.
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Continuous MR
flow
MR
MR
MR
MR
Measurement report
No. n+4
Measurement
report No. n
MR
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Penalty Processing
There are altogether four types of penalty process (second step of
HO algorithm process )
Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.
Penalty on the original serving cell when an emergency HO
( base on BQ and TA ) is performed.
Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a fast moving HO is
performed.
A new HO attempt is prohibited within the penalty time after an
overlaid/underlaid HO fails.
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Cell A
BTS
HO failure
BSC
Cell B
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Cell A
BTS
BQ& TA HO
BSC
Cell B
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Back? No way!
Umbrella
Micro cell
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Overlaid
Underlaid
Do not
attempt
again after a
failed HO!
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Procedure of Ranking
Basic ranking and secondary ranking of cells are major parts of
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M rule
Only the cells with received signal level satisfy the following conditions
Pa(0) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(0) P
Pa(n) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) P
MS_TXPWR_MAX( ) : The appointed MS transmitting power by the
BSS.
P : Max_Power_of_MS
Max_Power_of_MS : MS maximum transmitting power
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K rule Criterion
After the M rule , the serving cell and candidate neighbor cells are ranked
The smaller the value is, the higher the priority and position the cell is in
the cell list.
The 1st-3rd bits: bit value is decided according to the cell signal level
16 15 14 13 12
11 10
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hysteresis.
The 4th bit of the serving cell is always 0,
The receiving signal level of the neighbor cell >= The receiving level of the
serving cell + Inter-cell HO ( of the same layer ) hysteresis, bit 4th is set to 0.
The receiving level of the neighbor cell < The receiving level of the serving
16 15 14 13 12 11 10
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than the layer HO threshold and hysteresis, this function is turned off
and all bits are set to 0.
That is to say only when the above criterions are met, then this
16 15 14 13 12
11 10
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GSM 900
GSM900
Cell
GSM 900
GSM1800
Cell
GSM1800
Micro Cell
GSM 900
GSM 900
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM1800
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otherwise is set to 0.
Neighbor cell: if Cell Load>=Receive threshold of load HO, bit 11th is set to
1, otherwise is set to 0.
Refer to Load HO Table for the load HO threshold and load req. on
candidate cell.
Clue : When the cell load is higher than the threshold, then the bit 11th is
set to 1.This is done in order to put the cell in a lower part of the cell list.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10
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16 15 14 13 12
11 10
5
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16 15 14 13 12
11 10
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16 15 14 13 12
11 10
5
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16 15 14 13 12
11 10
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Types of HO
Emergency HO
TA HO
BQ HO
interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Load HO
Normal HO
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TA&Bad Quality HO
TA HO criterion :
The average value of the uplink quality of the serving cell >
UL Qual. Thrsh.
The average value of the downlink quality of the serving cell >
DL Qual. Thrsh.
Requirements on the target cell (same as the above two types of
HO)
Select the first cell in the neighbor cell list i.e. lowest 16bits
value.
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Page 38
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
The target cell is the first cell in the neighbor cell list.
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Interference HO
Interference HO (DL&UL) :
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Cell Load HO
Cell Load HO Criterions :
BTS
BSC
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Edge HO
Edge HO Criterion:
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Layer HO
Layer HO criterions:
Serving cell :
No requirement.
Target cell :
Layer of the target cell is lower than the serving cell.
Receive level of the target cell > layer cell threshold +
layer cell hysteresis.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the serving cell.
The priority of target cell should be higher than the
serving cells.
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PBGT HO
PBGT HO Criterions :
Target cells path loss is smaller than the serving cells path
loss by the PBGT threshold value.
Satisfying the P/N rule.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the serving cell.
Note :
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Fast-Moving HO
When the serving cell is micro cell :
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Overlaid/Underlaid Cell
Assume, 6TRX in one cell, one CDU and one SCU are adopted
Where can we configure BCCH CH? CDU or SCU?
SCU
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
Antenna
TRX
Antenna
TRX
CDU
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Overlaid/Underlaid Cell
Purpose
Normal Underlaid/Overlaid
IUO: Enhance Underlaid/Overlaid
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Receiving level
Time Advance
Quality
Enhanced Underlaid/Overlaid
Receiving level
Time Advance
Quality
Traffic Load of Underlaid
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Normal Overlaid/Underlaid HO
:
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS
downlink receive level ,TA value and quality.
underlaid
overlaid
The quality boundary is elided in this figure
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Normal Overlaid/Underlaid HO
Criterion for HO from overlaid to underlaid:
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Enhance Overlaid/Underlaid HO
Criterion for HO from overlaid to underlaid:
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Value
range
Yes,
No
Yes
Yes,
No
Yes
Yes,
No
No
Yes,
No
No
name
Co BSC/MSC
Adj.
Penalty
allowed
Load HO
allowed
MS Fast
moving HO
allowed
Recommend
Meaning
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value
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
RX _L evel Drop
HO allowed
Yes, No
No
PBGT HO
allowed
Yes, No
Yes
MS power
prediction after
HO
Yes, No
Yes
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Meaning
name
Value
range
Recommended
value
Yes, No
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Yes
Meaning
name
Recommended
Value range
value
Yes, No
No
Yes, No
Yes
Transfer
BS/MS power
class
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Parameter
name
Value
range
Meaning
Recommen
ded
value
Twice per
Sent Freq. of
According to
Preprocessed
second,
Once
MR.
per
second
conditions
this time, for handover nee ding P/N judgment such as edge
handover, layer handover, PBGT handover and
overlaid/underlaid handover
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Concrete
Meaning
Value
range
Recommended
value
Layer of the
cell
1 ~4
M900 : layer 3
M1800:Laye 2r
Cell priority
1~16
Layer HO
Thrsh.
It affects the value of the 14th bit in the 16bit ranking , and it is
also the level requirement on the target cell for interference
handover and load handover. Then such level
should be higher than layer handover threshold + layer
handover hysteresis. The layer handover threshold should be
set >= Edge handover threshold + Inter cell handover
hysteresis.
0 ~ 63
25
Layer HO
hysteresis
0 ~ 63dB
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Meaning
Value
range
Recommended
value
Penalty on
MS Fasting
moving HO
0~ 63dB
30
Penalty
Time on MS
Fasting
moving HO
0 ~ 255
seconds
40
Min DL level
0n
Candidate
cell
This is the min signal level requirement for the cell itself
to be a candidate cell low configuration may easily
cause call drops, while too high a configuration might
turn handover too hard to occur.
0 ~ 63
15
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Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
Min
access
level offset
0 ~ 63dB
0~127
corresponding
--64~63dB
It is around 68 in the
densely populated
downtown, and
around 72 on the
outskirts.
0 ~ 63db
It is around 4 in the
densely populated
downtown, and
around 8 on the
outskirts.
PBGT HO
thrsh
Inter cell
HO
hysteresis
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Penalty Table
Parameter
Meaning
name
Value range
Recommended
value
0 ~ 63 dB
30
Penalty time
after HO fail
handover failure
Penalty level
after BQ HO
fail
0 ~ 60second
10
0 ~ 63d B
63
0 ~ 60second
10
Penalty time
after BQ HO
Penalty time for the original serving cell after BQ HO. seconds
fail
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Penalty Table
Parameter
Meaning
name
Eenalty
level after
TA HO fail
Penalty time
after TA HO
after IUO
HO fail
Recomm
ended
value
The signal strength penalty value for the original serving cell,
to avoid Ping - pang handover after TA emergency
handover. It is only valid within the penalty time for ta
0 ~ 63d B
63
0~
60second
10
0~
16second
10
handover
fail
Penalty time
Value
range
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Parameter
name
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
TA Thrsh.
63
DL QUAL.
Thrsh
0~70,
corresponding
to BQ levels of
0~7
60
corresponding
to BQ levels of
0~7
60
UL QUAL.
Thrsh.
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UL
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
50, interference
quality threshold
Qual.
Thrsh
corresponding
to BQ levels of
must be better
than
for interf.
0~7
the emergency
HO
quality threshold
0~70,
Downlink receiving quality threshold in the serving cell for
corresponding
interference handover.
to BQ levels of
0~7
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50
Meaning
r name
Value
range
Recommended
0~63
25
0 ~ 63
30
value
DL
RX_LEV
Thrsh. For
interf HO.
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Filter
Parameters
A1~A8
Filter
parameter B
Meaning
Value
range
Recommen
ded
value
0 ~ 20
10
0 ~255
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System flux
Thrsh. For
load HO
Recommended
Meaning
The pre condition for load HO is that the system flow (signaling
flow) is lower the threshold. This value can not be set too high
because load handover upon max threshold may cause serious
effect to the system.
Value range
value
0, 8~11 system
flow levels, to
corresponding
10
0, 70, 80, 90
and 95.
0~7 cell load
Load HO
Thrsh
levels,
Corresponding
to 0 , 50 , 60 ,
70 ,
75, 80 , 85 , 90
Load Req.
on
candidate
cell
The Load threshold for the target cells that can accept MS from
0~7,
serving cell in load HO, i.e. when the TCH under Idle mode in
Corresponding
to 0 , 50 , 60 ,
70 ,
75, 80 , 85 , 90
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Meaning
name
Value range
Recomme
nded
value
0~ 63db
25
1~60 seconds
10
1~ 63db
Load HO
step
period
Load HO
step
level
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Meaning
name
Edge HO UL
RX_LEV
Thrsh.
Value
range
Recommended value
25 (without PBGT
handover, downtown),
0 ~ 63
15 (single station on
outskirts), 15 (with
PBGT handover,
lower
downtown)
30 (without PBGT
handover, downtown),
Edge HO DL
RX_LEV
Thrsh.
63
20 (single station on
outskirts), 20 (with
PBGT handover,
downtown)
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Parameter
name
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
watch time
1 ~16 seconds
1 ~16 seconds
Edge valid
time
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Layer HO
watch time
Layer HO
valid time
PBGT watch
time
PBGT valid
Recommended
Meaning
Value range
1 ~ 16 seconds
1 ~ 16 seconds
1 ~ 16 seconds
1 ~ 16 seconds
time
Page 73
value
Meaning
name
MS
Fast -moving
watch cells
Value range
Recommended
value
1~ 10
1~ 10
1~ 225
15
MS
Fast moving
valid cells
MS
Fast moving
Time Thrsh.
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Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
Assign
optimum
layer
System
optimization,
overlaid ,
underlaid , no
preferential
System optimization
Assignoptimum
level Thrsh.
0~63
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Parameter
Meaning
Value
range
Recommended
value
Pref. subcell
in HO of
intra-BSC
Yes, No
Yes
Incoming-toBSC HO
optimum
layer
overlaid ,
underlaid ,
none
None
name
Page 76
Meaning
Value range
Recommended value
RX_QUAL
Thrsh.
0--70
60
UO HO watch
time
0 ~ 16 seconds
UO HO valid
time
0 ~ 16 seconds
TA thrsh. Of
Assignment
Pref.
0--63
According concrete
condition
TA Thrsh. Of
Imme-Assign
Pref.
0--63
According concrete
condition
TA Prfe. Of
Imme-Assign
Allowed
Yes, No
According concrete
condition
Page 77
Parameter
name
Meaning
Value range
TA Thrsh.
TA hysteresis
UO HO watch
time
0 ~ 16 seconds
UO HO valid
time
0 ~ 16 seconds
Page 78
Recommended value
Meaning
Value range
Recommended value
RX_LEV
Thrsh
0~63
25
RX_LEV
hysteresis
0~63
UO signal
intensity
difference
0~63dB
Set according to
actual conditions
Page 79
Enhance IUO
Allowed
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
Yes, No
Set according to
actual conditions
UtoO Traffic
HO Allowed
Yes, No
Set according to
actual conditions
OtoU HO
Received
Level Thrsh.
0--63
25
UtoO HO
Received
Level Thrsh.
063
35
Page 80
Meaning
Value range
Recomm
ended
value
Traffic Thrsh. Of
Underlay
0100%
80
Underlay HO Step
Period
1255s
Underlay HO Step
Level
163dB
Penalty Time of
UtoO HO
0255s
10
Page 81
and CGI of all neighbor cells are derived from Adjacent cell
Relation Table, and Cell Description Table (or External Cell
Description Table) through BCCH and BSIC in the MR.
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BTS1
BSC
BTS2
MS
HANDOVER COMMAND
Handover Access
PHY INFO
Handover_Detect
PHY INFO
First SABM
Establish_IND
Handover Complete
Handover_Performed
Page 86
MSC
Page 87
BTS (Original)
BSC
BTS (Target)
MSC
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
Channel_Activate
T12++
Attempted incoming internal inter cell handoversT09++
Channel_Activate ACK
Handover Command (Old FACCH)
Handover Access (New FACCH)
Page 88
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BTS(original)
BSC1
MSC
BSC2
BTS (Target)
Measurement Report
Attempted outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers
Measurement Report
Handover Required
Handover Request
Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers
Channel_Active
Handover_Request_ACK
Channel_Active_ACK
Handover Command
Handover Access
Handover Detect
Handover Complete
Successful incoming inter BSC handovers
Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers
Handover Complete
RF Channel Release
Clear Complete
Page 91
Page 93
BSC-A
MSC-A
HO-REQUIRED
MSC-B
MAP_Prepare_HO
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
MAP_Allocate_HO_NUM
MAP_Send_HO_Repor
t
MAP_Send_HO_Report_AC
K
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
HO-REQUEST
HO-REQUEST-ACK
IAI
ACM
HO-Command
MAP_Process_Access_Signalling
Clear-Command
MAP_Send_End_Signal
HO-Access
HO-Complete
Clear-Complete
MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK
Page 94
BSC-A
MSC-A
HO-REQUIRED
MSC-B
MAP_Prepare_HO
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
MAP_Allocate_HO_NUM
MAP_Send_HO_Repor
t
MAP_Send_HO_Report_AC
K
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
HO-REQUEST
HO-REQUEST-ACK
IAI
ACM
HO-Command
MAP_Process_Access_Signalling
Clear-Command
MAP_Send_End_Signal
HO-Access
HO-Complete
Clear-Complete
MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK
Page 95
Page 96
MS
E
MSCa
MSCb
MSCb'
VLRb'
VLRb
BSS2'
BSS2
Radio transmission signal measurement
HO REQUIRED (target cell table)
Perform subsequent HO(MAP) (target cell ID, serving cell ID, MSC number)
Perform HO
(target cell ID, serving cell ID, channel type)
Send HO report(HON)
Radio channel ack. (MAP) (includes New TCH number and HON)
IAI
ACM
Subsequent HO ack.
HO COMMAND
HO DETECT
HO COMPLETE
Release (TUP)
~~
Release
CLEAR COMMAND
CLEAR COMPLETE
~
~
HO report
Release HON
Release (TUP/ISUP)
Release HO report
Release HON
Cut physical connection between MSCAa and MSCb'
Page 97
MSC-A
MSC-B
MSC-C
MSC-C
Highway
Page 98
handled by BSC
HO formula-- same as Intra MSC HO
Page 99
Major differences
There is no HO request information for intra-BSC HO, and all of the HO are analyzed
and processed in BSC. Once the target cell as required is found in the BSC, Channel
activation information is sent to it directly.
When the target cell is not in the same BSC, BSC reports CGI numbers of the serving
cell and target cell, and HO cause to MSC through Ho-Required. When MSC finds
the LAC of the target cell is in the MSC, it sends Ho-Request to the BSC of the target
cell, and the target BSC activates the target cell channel to complete the following
procedure.
When MSC finds that the target cell LAC does not belong to the MSC, it will query its
LAI and GCI Table (including LAC and router address of the adjacent MSC), and
send Prepare-HO message to the target MSC-B according to the router address. The
message includes CGI of the target cell and indication whether or not to allocate HO
number, etc. According to the message, the target MSC-B sends HO-Request
message to the target BSC-B after demanding HO number (unless it is not required in
the indication) from VLR-B, and sends Prepare-HO acknowledgement to serving
MSC after received HO-Request acknowledgement, to execute the next procedure.
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Page 100
Major differences
Inter BSC HO transfers HO-REQ message through MSC,
with CGI of the serving cell and target cell carried in the
message.
Intra BSC HO does not have any CGI in any messages, it is
Page 101
Summary
Summary
Classify of handover
Judgment and Ranking step
Handover Data Configuration
Handover signaling Flow
Page 102
Thank You
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